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Spit, Sybren; Geamba?u, Andreea; van Renswoude, Daan; Blom, Elma; Fikkert, Paula; Hunnius, Sabine; Junge, Caroline; Verhagen, Josje; Visser, Ingmar; Wijnen, Frank; Levelt, Clara C. – Developmental Science, 2023
We present an exact replication of Experiment 2 from Kovács and Mehler's 2009 study, which showed that 7-month-old infants who are raised bilingually exhibit a cognitive advantage. In the experiment, a sound cue, following an AAB or ABB pattern, predicted the appearance of a visual stimulus on the screen. The stimulus appeared on one side of the…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Infants, Bilingualism, Cues
Margaret Addabbo; Elena Guida; Victoria Licht; Chiara Turati – Developmental Science, 2025
Touch is an extraordinary sensory, communicative, and affective experience that has cascading positive effects on infants' socio-emotional development and neurobiological functioning. This study aims to explore whether maternal touch can influence infants' well-known attentional biases toward fearful facial expressions. Visual behaviour of…
Descriptors: Tactual Perception, Parent Child Relationship, Infants, Mothers
Francesco Poli; Tommaso Ghilardi; Roseriet Beijers; Carolina de Weerth; Max Hinne; Rogier B. Mars; Sabine Hunnius – Developmental Science, 2024
Habituation and dishabituation are the most prevalent measures of infant cognitive functioning, and they have reliably been shown to predict later cognitive outcomes. Yet, the exact mechanisms underlying infant habituation and dishabituation are still unclear. To investigate them, we tested 106 8-month-old infants on a classic habituation task and…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Infants, Habituation, Novelty (Stimulus Dimension)
Smyth, Rachael E.; Ansari, Daniel – Developmental Science, 2020
Research demonstrating that infants discriminate between small (e.g., 1 vs. 3 dots) and large numerosities (e.g., 8 vs. 16 dots) is central to theories concerning the origins of human numerical abilities. To date, there has been no quantitative meta-analysis of the infant numerical competency data. Here, we quantitatively synthesize the evidential…
Descriptors: Infants, Visual Perception, Visual Stimuli, Numeracy
Höhle, Barbara; Fritzsche, Tom; Meß, Katharina; Philipp, Mareike; Gafos, Adamantios – Developmental Science, 2020
Seminal work by Werker and colleagues (Stager & Werker [1997] "Nature," 388, 381-382) has found that 14-month-old infants do not show evidence for learning minimal pairs in the habituation-switch paradigm. However, when multiple speakers produce the minimal pair in acoustically variable ways, infants' performance improves in…
Descriptors: Infants, Vocabulary Development, Phonetics, Habituation
Horváth, Klára; Hannon, Benjamin; Ujma, Peter P.; Gombos, Ferenc; Plunkett, Kim – Developmental Science, 2018
A broad range of studies demonstrate that sleep has a facilitating role in memory consolidation (see Rasch & Born, 2013). Whether sleep-dependent memory consolidation is also apparent in infants in their first few months of life has not been investigated. We demonstrate that 3-month-old infants only remember a cartoon face approximately…
Descriptors: Memory, Infants, Sleep, Habituation
Zhang, Felicia; Jaffe-Dax, Sagi; Wilson, Robert C.; Emberson, Lauren L. – Developmental Science, 2019
Adults use both bottom-up sensory inputs and top-down signals to generate predictions about future sensory inputs. Infants have also been shown to make predictions with simple stimuli and recent work has suggested top-down processing is available early in infancy. However, it is unknown whether this indicates that top-down prediction is an ability…
Descriptors: Prediction, Infants, Adults, Eye Movements
Comishen, Kyle J.; Bialystok, Ellen; Adler, Scott A. – Developmental Science, 2019
Bilingualism has been observed to influence cognitive processing across the lifespan but whether bilingual environments have an effect on selective attention and attention strategies in infancy remains an unresolved question. In Study 1, infants exposed to monolingual or bilingual environments participated in an eye-tracking cueing task in which…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Infants, Monolingualism, Eye Movements
Stavans, Maayan; Baillargeon, Renée – Developmental Science, 2018
Two experiments examined whether 4-month-olds (n = 120) who were induced to assign two objects to different categories would then be able to take advantage of these contrastive categorical encodings to individuate and track the objects. In each experiment, infants first watched functional demonstrations of two tools, a masher and tongs (Experiment…
Descriptors: Infants, Eye Movements, Visual Stimuli, Task Analysis
Minar, Nicholas J.; Lewkowicz, David J. – Developmental Science, 2018
We tested 4-6- and 10-12-month-old infants to investigate whether the often-reported decline in infant sensitivity to other-race faces may reflect responsiveness to static or dynamic/silent faces rather than a general process of perceptual narrowing. Across three experiments, we tested discrimination of either dynamic own-race or other-race faces…
Descriptors: Infants, Age Differences, Attention, Visual Discrimination
Tummeltshammer, Kristen; Amso, Dima – Developmental Science, 2018
The visual context in which an object or face resides can provide useful top-down information for guiding attention orienting, object recognition, and visual search. Although infants have demonstrated sensitivity to covariation in spatial arrays, it is presently unclear whether they can use rapidly acquired contextual knowledge to guide attention…
Descriptors: Visual Perception, Attention, Infants, Eye Movements
Byers-Heinlein, Krista – Developmental Science, 2017
Infants are precocious word learners, and seem to possess systematic expectations about how words refer to object kinds. For example, while monolingual infants show a one-to-one mapping bias (e.g. mutual exclusivity), expecting each object to have only one basic level label, previous research has shown that this is less robust in bi- and…
Descriptors: Infants, Bilingualism, Monolingualism, Expectation
Powell, Lindsey J.; Deen, Ben; Saxe, Rebecca – Developmental Science, 2018
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a noninvasive neuroimaging technique that could be uniquely effective for investigating cortical function in human infants. However, prior efforts have been hampered by the difficulty of aligning arrays of fNIRS optodes placed on the scalp to anatomical or functional regions of underlying cortex.…
Descriptors: Spectroscopy, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Infants, Reliability
Kaldy, Zsuzsa; Guillory, Sylvia B.; Blaser, Erik – Developmental Science, 2016
We tested 8- and 10-month-old infants' visual working memory (VWM) for object-location bindings--"what is where"--with a novel paradigm, Delayed Match Retrieval, that measured infants' anticipatory gaze responses (using a Tobii T120 eye tracker). In an inversion of Delayed-Match-to-Sample tasks and with inspiration from the game…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Models, Infants, Eye Movements
Twomey, Katherine E.; Westermann, Gert – Developmental Science, 2018
Infants are curious learners who drive their own cognitive development by imposing structure on their learning environment as they explore. Understanding the mechanisms by which infants structure their own learning is therefore critical to our understanding of development. Here we propose an explicit mechanism for intrinsically motivated…
Descriptors: Infants, Infant Behavior, Child Development, Learning Processes