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Hendry, Alexandra; Greenhalgh, Isobel; Bailey, Rhiannon; Fiske, Abigail; Dvergsdal, Henrik; Holmboe, Karla – Developmental Science, 2022
Inhibitory control (IC) is a core executive function integral to self-regulation and cognitive control, yet is itself multi-componential. Directed global inhibition entails stopping an action on demand. Competitive inhibition is engaged when an alternative response must also be produced. Related, but not an executive function, is…
Descriptors: Infants, Toddlers, Inhibition, Self Control
Josué Rico-Picó; M. del Carmen Garcia-de-Soria Bazan; Ángela Conejero; Sebastián Moyano; Ángela Hoyo; María de los Ángeles Ballesteros-Duperón; Karla Holmboe; M. Rosario Rueda – Developmental Science, 2025
Executive control (EC) emerges in the first year of life, with the ability to inhibit prepotent responses (inhibitory control [IC]) and to flexibly readapt (cognitive flexibility [CF]) steadily improving. Simultaneously, electrophysiological brain activity undergoes profound reconfiguration, which has been linked to individual variability in EC.…
Descriptors: Infants, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Brain, Executive Function
Zeytinoglu, Selin; Calkins, Susan D.; Leerkes, Esther M. – Developmental Science, 2022
This study examined autonomic profiles in preschoolers (N = 278, age = 4.7 years) and their relations to self-regulation outcomes concurrently and one year later, in kindergarten. Children's sympathetic (preejection period [PEP]) and parasympathetic activity (respiratory sinus arrythmia [RSA]) were measured at rest and during cognitive and…
Descriptors: Profiles, Preschool Children, Self Control, Kindergarten
McKay, Courtney; Wijeakumar, Sobanawartiny; Rafetseder, Eva; Shing, Yee Lee – Developmental Science, 2022
Children show marked improvements in executive functioning (EF) between 4 and 7 years of age. In many societies, this time period coincides with the start of formal school education, in which children are required to follow rules in a structured environment, drawing heavily on EF processes such as inhibitory control. This study aimed to…
Descriptors: Inhibition, Self Control, Kindergarten, Young Children
Hosch, Alexis; Oleson, Jacob J.; Harris, Jordan L.; Goeltz, Mary Taylor; Neumann, Tabea; LeBeau, Brandon; Hazeltine, Eliot; Petersen, Isaac T. – Developmental Science, 2022
Self-regulation is thought to show heterotypic continuity--its individual differences endure but its behavioral manifestations change across development. Thus, different measures across time may be necessary to account for heterotypic continuity of self-regulation. This longitudinal study examined children's (N = 108) self-regulation development…
Descriptors: Child Development, Child Behavior, Longitudinal Studies, Inhibition
Nin, Verónica; Delgado, Hernán; Muniz-Terrera, Graciela; Carboni, Alejandra – Developmental Science, 2022
Executive functions (EF), either conceptualized as skills involved in regulation of cognition and emotion in service of goal-oriented behavior, or reductively as working memory, flexibility and inhibitory control, are commonly invoked constructs in developmental science. Two main traditions on EFs measurement prevail, one consisting of ratings…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Cognitive Measurement, Behavior Rating Scales, Preschool Children
Brod, Garvin; Breitwieser, Jasmin; Hasselhorn, Marcus; Bunge, Silvia A. – Developmental Science, 2020
This study investigated whether prompting children to generate predictions about an outcome facilitates activation of prior knowledge and improves belief revision. 51 children aged 9-12 were tested on two experimental tasks in which generating a prediction was compared to closely matched control conditions, as well as on a test of executive…
Descriptors: Prior Learning, Preadolescents, Executive Function, Cognitive Ability
Sullivan, Eileen F.; Xie, Wanze; Conte, Stefania; Richards, John E.; Shama, Talat; Haque, Rashidul; Petri, William A.; Nelson, Charles A. – Developmental Science, 2022
There is strong support for the view that children growing up in low-income homes typically evince poorer performance on tests of inhibitory control compared to those growing up in higher income homes. Unfortunately, the vast majority of the work documenting this association has been conducted in high-income countries. It is not yet known whether…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Young Children, Poverty Areas, Early Experience
Hudson, Kesha N.; Ballou, Haley M.; Willoughby, Michael T. – Developmental Science, 2021
Previous studies have documented that individual differences in fine and gross motor skills are associated with executive function (EF) skills. This study used an experimental design to test whether participating in cognitively challenging motor skills activities was causally related to improvements in motor skills and two key indicators of school…
Descriptors: Psychomotor Skills, Competence, Executive Function, Numeracy
Lourenco, Stella F.; Aulet, Lauren S. – Developmental Science, 2019
There is general agreement that humans represent numerical, spatial, and temporal magnitudes from early in development. However, there is disagreement about whether different magnitudes converge within a general magnitude system and whether this system supports behavioral demonstrations of cross-magnitude interactions at different developmental…
Descriptors: Developmental Stages, Infants, Preschool Children, Age Differences
Vrantsidis, Daphne M.; Clark, Caron A. C.; Chevalier, Nicolas; Espy, Kimberly Andrews; Wiebe, Sandra A. – Developmental Science, 2020
Although there is substantial evidence that socioeconomic status (SES) predicts children's executive function (EF), the mechanisms underlying this association are poorly understood. This study tested the utility of two theories proposed to link SES to children's EF: the family stress model and the family investment model. Data came from the…
Descriptors: Socioeconomic Status, Executive Function, Young Children, Correlation
Black, Maureen M.; Yimgang, Doris P.; Hurley, Kristen M.; Harding, Kimberly B.; Fernandez-Rao, Sylvia; Balakrishna, Nagalla; Radhakrishna, Kankipati V.; Reinhart, Gregory A.; Nair, Krishnapillai Madhavan – Developmental Science, 2019
Stunting has been negatively associated with children's development. We examined the range of height by testing hypotheses: (a) height is positively associated with children's development, with associations moderated by inflammation and (b) home environments characterized by nurturance and early learning opportunities is positively associated with…
Descriptors: Body Height, Infants, Child Development, Physical Development
Diaz, Vanessa; Farrar, M. Jeffrey – Developmental Science, 2018
Bilingual preschoolers often perform better than monolingual children on false-belief understanding. It has been hypothesized that this is due to their enhanced executive function skills, although this relationship has rarely been tested or supported. The current longitudinal study tested whether metalinguistic awareness was responsible for this…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Longitudinal Studies, Metalinguistics, Executive Function
Smith, Heather J.; Kryski, Katie R.; Sheikh, Haroon I.; Singh, Shiva M.; Hayden, Elizabeth P. – Developmental Science, 2013
Temperamental effortful control has important implications for children's development. Although genetic factors and parenting may influence effortful control, few studies have examined interplay between the two in predicting its development. The current study investigated associations between parenting and a facet of children's effortful…
Descriptors: Inhibition, Child Rearing, Genetics, Preschool Children
Santillán, Jimena; Khurana, Atika – Developmental Science, 2018
Children from lower socioeconomic (SES) backgrounds tend to be at-risk for executive function (EF) impairments by the time they are in preschool, placing them at an early disadvantage for academic success. The present study examined the potentially protective role of bilingual experience on the development of inhibitory control (IC) in 1146 Head…
Descriptors: Child Development, Bilingualism, Spanish, Preschool Children
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