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Unger, Layla; Yim, Hyungwook; Savic, Olivera; Dennis, Simon; Sloutsky, Vladimir M. – Developmental Science, 2023
Recent years have seen a flourishing of Natural Language Processing models that can mimic many aspects of human language fluency. These models harness a simple, decades-old idea: It is possible to learn a lot about word meanings just from exposure to language, because words similar in meaning are used in language in similar ways. The successes of…
Descriptors: Natural Language Processing, Language Usage, Vocabulary Development, Linguistic Input
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Layla Unger; Tyler Chang; Olivera Savic; Benjamin K. Bergen; Vladimir M. Sloutsky – Developmental Science, 2024
Although identifying the referents of single words is often cited as a key challenge for getting word learning off the ground, it overlooks the fact that young learners consistently encounter words in the context of other words. How does this company help or hinder word learning? Prior investigations into early word learning from children's…
Descriptors: Vocabulary Development, Word Frequency, Context Effect, Learning Processes
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Alvin W. M. Tan; Virginia A. Marchman; Michael C. Frank – Developmental Science, 2024
Bilingual environments present an important context for word learning. One feature of bilingual environments is the existence of translation equivalents (TEs)--words in different languages that share similar meanings. Documenting TE learning over development may give us insight into the mechanisms underlying word learning in young bilingual…
Descriptors: Young Children, Bilingual Education, Translation, Vocabulary Development
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Forbes, Samuel H.; Plunkett, Kim – Developmental Science, 2023
Recent work has investigated the origin of infant colour categories, showing pre-linguistic infants categorise colour even in the absence of colour words. These infant categories are similar but not identical to adult categories, giving rise to an important question about how infant colour perception changes with the learning of colour words. Here…
Descriptors: Color, Visual Perception, Vocabulary Development, Comprehension
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Mendoza, Jennifer K.; Fausey, Caitlin M. – Developmental Science, 2021
Infants enculturate to their soundscape over the first year of life, yet theories of how they do so rarely make contact with details about the sounds available in everyday life. Here, we report on properties of a ubiquitous early ecology in which foundational skills get built: music. We captured daylong recordings from 35 infants ages 6-12 months…
Descriptors: Infants, Music, Ecology, Learning Processes
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Felix Hao Wang; Meili Luo; Nan Li – Developmental Science, 2024
In word learning, learners need to identify the referent of words by leveraging the fact that the same word may co-occur with different sets of objects. This raises the question, what do children remember from "in the moment" that they can use for cross-situational learning? Furthermore, do children represent pictures of familiar animals…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Vocabulary Development, Memory, Language Acquisition
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Tess Allegra Forest; Sarah A. McCormick; Lauren Davel; Nwabisa Mlandu; Michal R. Zieff; Khula South Africa Data Collection Team; Dima Amso; Kirsty A. Donald; Laurel Joy Gabard-Durnam – Developmental Science, 2025
Caregivers play an outsized role in shaping early life experiences and development, but we often lack mechanistic insight into "how" exactly caregiver behavior scaffolds the neurodevelopment of specific learning processes. Here, we capitalized on the fact that caregivers differ in how predictable their behavior is to ask if infants'…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Infants, Child Caregivers, Caregiver Role
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Fandakova, Yana; Gruber, Matthias J. – Developmental Science, 2021
Curiosity -- broadly defined as the desire to acquire new information -- enhances learning and memory in adults. In addition, interest in the information (i.e., when the information is processed) can also facilitate later memory. To date, it is not known how states of pre-information curiosity and post-information interest enhance memory in…
Descriptors: Personality Traits, Interests, Learning Processes, Memory
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Zhao, T. Christina; Corrigan, Neva M.; Yarnykh, Vasily L.; Kuhl, Patricia K. – Developmental Science, 2022
The development of skills related to executive function (EF) in infancy, including their emergence, underlying neural mechanisms, and interconnections to other cognitive skills, is an area of increasing research interest. Here, we report on findings from a multidimensional dataset demonstrating that infants' behavioral performance on a flexible…
Descriptors: Infants, Executive Function, Skill Development, Cognitive Ability
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Nencheva, Mira L.; Piazza, Elise A.; Lew-Williams, Casey – Developmental Science, 2021
Young children have an overall preference for child-directed speech (CDS) over adult-directed speech (ADS), and its structural features are thought to facilitate language learning. Many studies have supported these findings, but less is known about processing of CDS at short, sub-second timescales. How do the moment-to-moment dynamics of CDS…
Descriptors: Child Language, Speech Communication, Intonation, Attention
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Kuzyk, Olivia; Grossman, Shawna; Poulin-Dubois, Diane – Developmental Science, 2020
Given the widespread interest in the development of children's selective social learning, there is mounting evidence suggesting that infants prefer to learn from competent informants (Poulin-Dubois & Brosseau-Liard, "Current Directions in Psychological Science," 2016, 25). However, little research has been dedicated to understanding…
Descriptors: Metacognition, Infants, Socialization, Social Behavior
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Twomey, Katherine E.; Westermann, Gert – Developmental Science, 2018
Infants are curious learners who drive their own cognitive development by imposing structure on their learning environment as they explore. Understanding the mechanisms by which infants structure their own learning is therefore critical to our understanding of development. Here we propose an explicit mechanism for intrinsically motivated…
Descriptors: Infants, Infant Behavior, Child Development, Learning Processes
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Lieberman, Amy M.; Fitch, Allison; Borovsky, Arielle – Developmental Science, 2022
Word learning in young children requires coordinated attention between language input and the referent object. Current accounts of word learning are based on spoken language, where the association between language and objects occurs through simultaneous and multimodal perception. In contrast, deaf children acquiring American Sign Language (ASL)…
Descriptors: Deafness, Cognitive Mapping, Cues, American Sign Language
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Zettersten, Martin; Saffran, Jenny R. – Developmental Science, 2021
How do learners gather new information during word learning? One possibility is that learners selectively sample items that help them reduce uncertainty about new word meanings. In a series of cross-situational word learning tasks with adults and children, we manipulated the referential ambiguity of label-object pairs experienced during training…
Descriptors: Ambiguity (Semantics), Task Analysis, Vocabulary Development, Case Studies
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Emberson, Lauren L.; Misyak, Jennifer B.; Schwade, Jennifer A.; Christiansen, Morten H.; Goldstein, Michael H. – Developmental Science, 2019
Statistical learning (SL), sensitivity to probabilistic regularities in sensory input, has been widely implicated in cognitive and perceptual development. Little is known, however, about the underlying mechanisms of SL and whether they undergo developmental change. One way to approach these questions is to compare SL across perceptual modalities.…
Descriptors: Statistics, Learning Processes, Infants, Learning Modalities
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