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Mora-Gonzalez, Jose; Esteban-Cornejo, Irene; Migueles, Jairo H.; Rodriguez-Ayllon, María; Molina-Garcia, Pablo; Cadenas-Sanchez, Cristina; Solis-Urra, Patricio; Plaza-Florido, Abel; Kramer, Arthur F.; Erickson, Kirk I.; Hillman, Charles H.; Catena, Andrés; Ortega, Francisco B. – Developmental Science, 2021
The present study aims: (1) to examine the association of physical fitness components (i.e., cardiorespiratory fitness, speed-agility, and muscular fitness) with brain current source density during working memory; and (2) to examine whether fitness-related current density was associated to working memory performance and academic achievement.…
Descriptors: Physical Fitness, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Short Term Memory, Children
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Cubillo, Ana; Hermes, Henning; Berger, Eva; Winkel, Kirsten; Schunk, Daniel; Fehr, Ernst; Hare, Todd A. – Developmental Science, 2023
The potential benefits and mechanistic effects of working memory training (WMT) in children are the subject of much research and debate. We show that after five weeks of school-based, adaptive WMT 6-9 year-old primary school children had greater activity in prefrontal and striatal brain regions, higher task accuracy, and reduced intra-individual…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Comparative Analysis, Academic Achievement, Well Being
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Bathelt, Joe; Gathercole, Susan E.; Johnson, Amy; Astle, Duncan E. – Developmental Science, 2018
Working memory (WM) skills are closely associated with learning progress in key areas such as reading and mathematics across childhood. As yet, however, little is known about how the brain systems underpinning WM develop over this critical developmental period. The current study investigated whether and how structural brain correlates of…
Descriptors: Brain, Morphology (Languages), Short Term Memory, Children
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Finn, Amy S.; Minas, Jennifer E.; Leonard, Julia A.; Mackey, Allyson P.; Salvatore, John; Goetz, Calvin; West, Martin R.; Gabrieli, Christopher F. O.; Gabrieli, John D. E. – Developmental Science, 2017
Working memory (WM) capacity reflects executive functions associated with performance on a wide range of cognitive tasks and education outcomes, including mathematics achievement, and is associated with dorsolateral prefrontal and parietal cortices. Here we asked if family income is associated with variation in the functional brain organization of…
Descriptors: Brain, Adolescents, Short Term Memory, Family Income
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Astle, Duncan E.; Bathelt, Joe; Holmes, Joni – Developmental Science, 2019
Our understanding of learning difficulties largely comes from children with specific diagnoses or individuals selected from community/clinical samples according to strict inclusion criteria. Applying strict exclusionary criteria overemphasizes within group homogeneity and between group differences, and fails to capture comorbidity. Here, we…
Descriptors: Cognitive Mapping, Learning Problems, Comorbidity, Identification
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Wijeakumar, Sobanawartiny; Kumar, Aarti; Delgado Reyes, Lourdes M.; Tiwari, Madhuri; Spencer, John P. – Developmental Science, 2019
There is a growing need to understand the global impact of poverty on early brain and behavioural development, particularly with regard to key cognitive processes that emerge in early development. Although the impact of adversity on brain development can trap children in an intergenerational cycle of poverty, the massive potential for brain…
Descriptors: Rural Areas, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Poverty, Correlation
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Jolles, Dietsje; Ashkenazi, Sarit; Kochalka, John; Evans, Tanya; Richardson, Jennifer; Rosenberg-Lee, Miriam; Zhao, Hui; Supekar, Kaustubh; Chen, Tianwen; Menon, Vinod – Developmental Science, 2016
Mathematical disabilities (MD) have a negative life-long impact on professional success, employment, and health outcomes. Yet little is known about the intrinsic functional brain organization that contributes to poor math skills in affected children. It is now increasingly recognized that math cognition requires coordinated interaction within a…
Descriptors: Mathematics Education, Disabilities, Mathematics Skills, Intelligence Quotient
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Evans, Gary W.; Fuller-Rowell, Thomas E. – Developmental Science, 2013
Prior research shows that childhood poverty as well as chronic stress can damage children's executive functioning (EF) capacities, including working memory. However, it is also clear that not all children suffer the same degree of adverse consequences from risk exposure. We show that chronic stress early in life (ages 9-13) links childhood…
Descriptors: Poverty, Stress Variables, Children, Child Development
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Sprondel, Volker; Kipp, Kerstin H.; Mecklinger, Axel – Developmental Science, 2012
Improvement in source memory performance throughout development is thought to be mediated by strategic processes that facilitate the retrieval of task-relevant information. Using event-related potentials (ERPs), we examined developmental changes in these processes during adolescence. Adolescents (13-14 years) and adults (19-29 years) completed a…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Short Term Memory, Developmental Stages, Diagnostic Tests
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Kamijo, Keita; Pontifex, Matthew B.; O'Leary, Kevin C.; Scudder, Mark R.; Wu, Chien-Ting; Castelli, Darla M.; Hillman, Charles H. – Developmental Science, 2011
The present study examined the effects of a 9-month randomized control physical activity intervention aimed at improving cardiorespiratory fitness on changes in working memory performance in preadolescent children relative to a waitlist control group. Participants performed a modified Sternberg task, which manipulated working memory demands based…
Descriptors: Control Groups, Intervention, Physical Activities, Preadolescents
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Jolles, Dietsje D.; Kleibeuker, Sietske W.; Rombouts, Serge A. R. B.; Crone, Eveline A. – Developmental Science, 2011
The ability to keep information active in working memory is one of the cornerstones of cognitive development. Prior studies have demonstrated that regions which are important for working memory performance in adults, such as dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), and superior parietal cortex, become…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Diagnostic Tests, Preadolescents, Early Adolescents
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Romer, Daniel; Betancourt, Laura M.; Brodsky, Nancy L.; Giannetta, Joan M.; Yang, Wei; Hurt, Hallam – Developmental Science, 2011
Studies of brain development suggest that the increase in risk taking observed during adolescence may be due to insufficient prefrontal executive function compared to a more rapidly developing subcortical motivation system. We examined executive function as assessed by working memory ability in a community sample of youth (n = 387, ages 10 to 12…
Descriptors: Conceptual Tempo, Intervention, Structural Equation Models, Early Adolescents
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Noble, Kimberly G.; McCandliss, Bruce D.; Farah, Martha J. – Developmental Science, 2007
Socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with childhood cognitive achievement. In previous research we found that this association shows neural specificity; specifically we found that groups of low and middle SES children differed disproportionately in perisylvian/language and prefrontal/executive abilities relative to other neurocognitive…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Ability, Neurological Organization
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Itier, Roxane J.; Taylor, Margot J. – Developmental Science, 2004
We investigated the effect of repetition on recognition of upright, inverted and contrast-reversed target faces in children from 8 to 15 years when engaged in a learning phase/test phase paradigm with target and distractor faces. Early (P1, N170) and late ERP components were analysed. Children across age groups performed equally well, and were…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Short Term Memory, Cognitive Processes, Human Body