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Direct linkForsberg, Alicia; Guitard, Dominic; Adams, Eryn J.; Pattanakul, Duangporn; Cowan, Nelson – Developmental Science, 2022
We explored the causal role of individual and age-related differences in working memory (WM) capacity in long-term memory (LTM) retrieval. Our sample of 160 participants included 120 children (6-13-years old) and 40 young adults (18-24 years). Participants performed a WM task with images of unique everyday items, presented at varying set sizes.…
Descriptors: Long Term Memory, Short Term Memory, Individual Differences, Age Differences
Frédéric Thériault-Couture; Célia Matte-Gagné; Annie Bernier – Developmental Science, 2025
Executive functions (EFs) emerge in the first years of life and are essential for many areas of child development. However, intraindividual developmental trajectories of EF during toddlerhood and their associations with ongoing development of language skills remain poorly understood. The present three-wave study examined these trajectories and…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Toddlers, Child Development, Language Acquisition
Lisa Bartha-Doering; Vito Giordano; Sophie Mandl; Silvia Benavides-Varela; Anna Weiskopf; Johannes Mader; Julia Andrejevic; Nadine Adrian; Lisa Emilia Ashmawy; Patrick Appel; Rainer Seidl; Stephan Doering; Angelika Berger; Johanna Alexopoulos – Developmental Science, 2025
Newborns are able to neurally discriminate between speech and nonspeech right after birth. To date it remains unknown whether this early speech discrimination and the underlying neural language network is associated with later language development. Preterm-born children are an interesting cohort to investigate this relationship, as previous…
Descriptors: Auditory Discrimination, Auditory Perception, Brain, Birth
Freier, Livia; Gupta, Pankaj; Badre, David; Amso, Dima – Developmental Science, 2021
Rule-guided behavior depends on the ability to strategically update and act on content held in working memory. Proactive and reactive control strategies were contrasted across two experiments using an adapted input/output gating paradigm (Neuron, 81, 2014 and 930). Behavioral accuracies of 3-, 5-, and 7-year-olds were higher when a contextual cue…
Descriptors: Goal Orientation, Children, Short Term Memory, Selection
Zehra E. Ünal; Züleyha Terzi; Beyzanur Yalvaç; David C. Geary – Developmental Science, 2024
Understanding the magnitudes represented by numerals is a core component of early mathematical development and is often assessed by accuracy in situating numerals and fractions on a number line. Performance on these measures is consistently related to performance in other mathematics domains, but the strength of these relations may be…
Descriptors: Number Concepts, Mathematics Achievement, Mathematics Education, Meta Analysis
Forsberg, Alicia; Adams, Eryn J.; Cowan, Nelson – Developmental Science, 2023
We investigated how visual working memory (WM) develops with age across the early elementary school period (6-7 years), early adolescence (11-13 years), and early adulthood (18-25 years). The work focuses on changes in two parameters: the number of objects retained at least in part, and the amount of feature-detail remembered for such objects.…
Descriptors: Visual Perception, Short Term Memory, Age Differences, Elementary School Students
Zeytinoglu, Selin; Calkins, Susan D.; Leerkes, Esther M. – Developmental Science, 2022
This study examined autonomic profiles in preschoolers (N = 278, age = 4.7 years) and their relations to self-regulation outcomes concurrently and one year later, in kindergarten. Children's sympathetic (preejection period [PEP]) and parasympathetic activity (respiratory sinus arrythmia [RSA]) were measured at rest and during cognitive and…
Descriptors: Profiles, Preschool Children, Self Control, Kindergarten
Vergauwe, Evie; Besch, Vincent; Latrèche, Caren; Langerock, Naomi – Developmental Science, 2021
The capacity of working memory is limited and undergoes important developmental changes during childhood. One proposed reason for the expansion of working memory capacity during childhood is the emergence and increased efficiency of active maintenance mechanisms, such as that of refreshing. Refreshing is a proposed mechanism to keep information…
Descriptors: Attention, Short Term Memory, Children, Child Development
Shimi, Andria; Scerif, Gaia – Developmental Science, 2022
Working memory (WM) improves dramatically during childhood but what drives this improvement is not well understood. One influential account thus far has proposed a simple increase in storage capacity. However, recent findings have shown that multiple factors, such as differences in the ability to use attention to enhance the maintenance of…
Descriptors: Attention, Bias, Short Term Memory, Accuracy
Blume, Friederike; Irmer, Andrea; Dirk, Judith; Schmiedek, Florian – Developmental Science, 2022
Self-regulation was found to be positively associated with school performance. Interrelations between self-regulation, working memory (WM), and achievement goals, in particular mastery goals, have been established, as well as associations with academic outcomes. It stands to reason that self-regulation, WM, achievement goals, and academic success…
Descriptors: Self Management, Short Term Memory, Academic Achievement, Goal Orientation
Wang, Jie; Wu, Ka Chun; Mo, Jianhong; Wong, Wai Leung; Siu, Tik Sze Carrey; McBride, Catherine; Chung, Kevin Kien Hoa; Wong, Patrick C. M.; Maurer, Urs – Developmental Science, 2021
A form-preparation task in the language production field was adopted to examine output phonological representations in Chinese dyslexia and their susceptibility to training. Forty-one Chinese children with dyslexia (7-11 years old) and 36 chronological age controls completed this task. The controls demonstrated a marginally significant syllable…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Children, Dyslexia, Chinese
Geary, David C.; Scofield, John E.; Hoard, Mary K.; Nugent, Lara – Developmental Science, 2021
The study tested the hypotheses that boys will have an advantage learning the fractions number line and this advantage will be mediated by spatial abilities. Fractions number line and, as a contrast, fractions arithmetic performance were assessed for 342 adolescents, as was their intelligence, working memory, and various spatial abilities. Boys…
Descriptors: Males, Fractions, Spatial Ability, Attention
Dumont, Émilie; Castellanos-Ryan, Natalie; Parent, Sophie; Jacques, Sophie; Séguin, Jean R.; Zelazo, Philip David – Developmental Science, 2022
Whereas accuracy is used as an indicator of cognitive flexibility in preschool-age children, reaction time (RT), or a combination of accuracy and RT, provide better indices of performance as children transition to school. Theoretical models and cross-sectional studies suggest that a speed-accuracy tradeoff may be operating across this transition,…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Preschool Children, Cognitive Ability, Reaction Time
Dutra, Natália B.; Chen, Lydia; Anum, Adote; Burger, Oskar; Davis, Helen E.; Dzokoto, Vivian A.; Fong, Frankie T. K.; Ghelardi, Sabrina; Mendez, Kimberly; Messer, Emily J. E.; Newhouse, Morgan; Nielsen, Mark G.; Ramos, Karlos; Rawlings, Bruce; dos Santos, Renan A. C.; Silveira, Lara G. S.; Tucker-Drob, Elliot M.; Legare, Cristine H. – Developmental Science, 2022
Self-regulation is a widely studied construct, generally assumed to be cognitively supported by executive functions (EFs). There is a lack of clarity and consensus over the roles of specific components of EFs in self-regulation. The current study examines the relations between performance on (a) a self-regulation task (Heads, Toes, Knees Shoulders…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Self Control, Short Term Memory, Visual Perception
Bosiljka Milosavljevic; Caylee J. Cook; Tijan Fadera; Giulia Ghillia; Steven J. Howard; Hleliwe Makaula; Ebrima Mbye; Samantha McCann; Rebecca Merkley; Mbulelo Mshudulu; Mariama Saidykhan; Ebou Touray; Nosibusiso Tshetu; Clare Elwell; Sophie E. Moore; Gaia Scerif; Catherine E. Draper; Sarah Lloyd-Fox – Developmental Science, 2024
Executive functions (EFs) in early childhood are predictors of later developmental outcomes and school readiness. Much of the research on EFs and their psychosocial correlates has been conducted in high-income, minority world countries, which represent a small and biased portion of children globally. The aim of this study is to examine EFs among…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Environmental Influences, Predictor Variables, Preschool Children
