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Yuewen Zhang; Zhenhong Wang – Developmental Science, 2024
Intra-individual response time variability (IIRTV) during cognitive performance is increasingly recognized as an important indicator of attentional control (AC) and related brain region function. However, what determinants contribute to preschoolers' IIRTV received little attention. The present study explored the interaction of dopaminergic…
Descriptors: Genetics, Parent Child Relationship, Reaction Time, Attention Control
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Cubillo, Ana; Hermes, Henning; Berger, Eva; Winkel, Kirsten; Schunk, Daniel; Fehr, Ernst; Hare, Todd A. – Developmental Science, 2023
The potential benefits and mechanistic effects of working memory training (WMT) in children are the subject of much research and debate. We show that after five weeks of school-based, adaptive WMT 6-9 year-old primary school children had greater activity in prefrontal and striatal brain regions, higher task accuracy, and reduced intra-individual…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Comparative Analysis, Academic Achievement, Well Being
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Yu, Yue; Kushnir, Tamar – Developmental Science, 2020
The success of human culture depends on early emerging mechanisms of social learning, which include the ability to acquire opaque cultural knowledge through faithful imitation, as well as the ability to advance culture through flexible discovery of new means to goal attainment. This study explores whether this mixture of faithful imitation and…
Descriptors: Socialization, Imitation, Goal Orientation, Parent Attitudes
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D'Souza, Hana; Cowie, Dorothy; Karmiloff-Smith, Annette; Bremner, Andrew J. – Developmental Science, 2017
In executing purposeful actions, adults select sufficient and necessary limbs. But infants often move goal-irrelevant limbs, suggesting a developmental process of motor specialization. Two experiments with 9- and 12-month-olds revealed gradual decreases in extraneous movements in non-acting limbs during unimanual actions. In Experiment 1,…
Descriptors: Infants, Motor Reactions, Child Development, Individual Differences
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Johnson, Blake; Jobst, Cecilia; Al-Loos, Rita; He, Wei; Cheyne, Douglas – Developmental Science, 2020
In a previous study, we reported the first measurements of pre-movement and sensorimotor cortex activity in preschool age children (ages 3-5 years) using a customized pediatric magnetoencephalographic system. Movement-related activity in the sensorimotor cortex differed from that typically observed in adults, suggesting that maturation of cortical…
Descriptors: Psychomotor Skills, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Preschool Children, Diagnostic Tests
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Cepeda, Nicholas J.; Blackwell, Katharine A.; Munakata, Yuko – Developmental Science, 2013
The rate at which people process information appears to influence many aspects of cognition across the lifespan. However, many commonly accepted measures of "processing speed" may require goal maintenance, manipulation of information in working memory, and decision-making, blurring the distinction between processing speed and executive…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Individual Differences, Short Term Memory, Decision Making