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Mahalakshmi Ramamurthy; Alex L. White; Jason D. Yeatman – Developmental Science, 2024
In the search for mechanisms that contribute to dyslexia, the term "attention" has been invoked to explain performance in a variety of tasks, creating confusion since all tasks do, indeed, demand "attention." Many studies lack an experimental manipulation of attention that would be necessary to determine its influence on task…
Descriptors: Children, Adolescents, Dyslexia, Spatial Ability
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Andres H. Mendez; Chen Yu; Linda B. Smith – Developmental Science, 2024
Traditionally, the exogenous control of gaze by external saliencies and the endogenous control of gaze by knowledge and context have been viewed as competing systems, with late infancy seen as a period of strengthening top-down control over the vagaries of the input. Here we found that one-year-old infants control sustained attention through head…
Descriptors: Infants, Eye Movements, Attention, Visual Learning
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Rebecca A. Marks; Courtney Pollack; Steven L. Meisler; Anila M. D'Mello; Tracy M. Centanni; Rachel R. Romeo; Karolina Wade; Anna A. Matejko; Daniel Ansari; John D. E. Gabrieli; Joanna A. Christodoulou – Developmental Science, 2024
Children with dyslexia frequently also struggle with math. However, studies of reading disability (RD) rarely assess math skill, and the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying co-occurring reading and math disability (RD+MD) are not clear. The current study aimed to identify behavioral and neurocognitive factors associated with co-occurring MD among…
Descriptors: Dyslexia, Executive Function, Visual Perception, Spatial Ability
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Cheng, Dazhi; Xiao, Qing; Cui, Jiaxin; Chen, Chuansheng; Zeng, Jieying; Chen, Qian; Zhou, Xinlin – Developmental Science, 2020
Studies have shown that numerosity-based arithmetic training can promote arithmetic learning in typically developing children as well as children with developmental dyscalculia (DD), but the cognitive mechanism underlying this training effect remains unclear. The main aim of the current study was to examine the role of visual form perception in…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Short Term Memory, Mathematics Education, Arithmetic
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Dutra, Natália B.; Chen, Lydia; Anum, Adote; Burger, Oskar; Davis, Helen E.; Dzokoto, Vivian A.; Fong, Frankie T. K.; Ghelardi, Sabrina; Mendez, Kimberly; Messer, Emily J. E.; Newhouse, Morgan; Nielsen, Mark G.; Ramos, Karlos; Rawlings, Bruce; dos Santos, Renan A. C.; Silveira, Lara G. S.; Tucker-Drob, Elliot M.; Legare, Cristine H. – Developmental Science, 2022
Self-regulation is a widely studied construct, generally assumed to be cognitively supported by executive functions (EFs). There is a lack of clarity and consensus over the roles of specific components of EFs in self-regulation. The current study examines the relations between performance on (a) a self-regulation task (Heads, Toes, Knees Shoulders…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Self Control, Short Term Memory, Visual Perception
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Smyth, Rachael E.; Ansari, Daniel – Developmental Science, 2020
Research demonstrating that infants discriminate between small (e.g., 1 vs. 3 dots) and large numerosities (e.g., 8 vs. 16 dots) is central to theories concerning the origins of human numerical abilities. To date, there has been no quantitative meta-analysis of the infant numerical competency data. Here, we quantitatively synthesize the evidential…
Descriptors: Infants, Visual Perception, Visual Stimuli, Numeracy
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Schröder, Elin; Gredebäck, Gustaf; Forssman, Linda; Lindskog, Marcus – Developmental Science, 2022
How do children construct a concept of natural numbers? Past research addressing this question has mainly focused on understanding how children come to acquire the cardinality principle. However, at that point children already understand the first number words and have a rudimentary natural number concept in place. The question therefore remains;…
Descriptors: Child Development, Numbers, Number Concepts, Concept Formation
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Nava, Elena; Föcker, Julia; Gori, Monica – Developmental Science, 2020
Combining information across different sensory modalities is of critical importance for the animal's survival and a core feature of human's everyday life. In adulthood, sensory information is often integrated in a statistically optimal fashion, so that the combined estimates of two or more senses are more reliable than the best single one. Several…
Descriptors: Sensory Integration, Preschool Children, Teaching Methods, Games
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Tummeltshammer, Kristen; Amso, Dima; French, Robert M.; Kirkham, Natasha Z. – Developmental Science, 2017
This study investigates whether infants are sensitive to backward and forward transitional probabilities within temporal and spatial visual streams. Two groups of 8-month-old infants were familiarized with an artificial grammar of shapes, comprising backward and forward base pairs (i.e. two shapes linked by strong backward or forward transitional…
Descriptors: Infants, Statistics, Spatial Ability, Time Perspective
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Weiss, Staci Meredith; Marshall, Peter J. – Developmental Science, 2023
The development of the ability to anticipate--as manifested by preparatory actions and neural activation related to the expectation of an upcoming stimulus--may play a key role in the ontogeny of cognitive skills more broadly. This preregistered study examined anticipatory brain potentials and behavioral responses (reaction time; RT) to…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Cognitive Ability, Reaction Time, Case Studies
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Demir, Özlem Ece; Prado, Jérôme; Booth, James R. – Developmental Science, 2015
We examined the relation of parental socioeconomic status (SES) to the neural bases of subtraction in school-age children (9- to 12-year-olds). We independently localized brain regions subserving verbal versus visuo-spatial representations to determine whether the parental SES-related differences in children's reliance on these neural…
Descriptors: Socioeconomic Status, Children, Cognitive Processes, Arithmetic
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Bulf, Hermann; de Hevia, Maria Dolores; Macchi Cassia, Viola – Developmental Science, 2016
Numbers are represented as ordered magnitudes along a spatially oriented number line. While culture and formal education modulate the direction of this number-space mapping, it is a matter of debate whether its emergence is entirely driven by cultural experience. By registering 8-9-month-old infants' eye movements, this study shows that numerical…
Descriptors: Infants, Number Concepts, Eye Movements, Cues
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Lin, Dan; Sun, Huilin; McBride, Catherine – Developmental Science, 2019
In this longitudinal study, we assessed 88 Hong Kong Chinese typically developing kindergarteners' Chinese character reading accuracy four times with 6-month intervals over 1.5 years with the first testing point in the fall of the second year of kindergarten (K2), during which morphological awareness, phonological awareness, orthographic…
Descriptors: Morphology (Languages), Kindergarten, Orthographic Symbols, Written Language
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Milosavljevic, Bosiljka; Vellekoop, Perijne; Maris, Helen; Halliday, Drew; Drammeh, Saikou; Sanyang, Lamin; Darboe, Momodou K.; Elwell, Clare; Moore, Sophie E.; Lloyd-Fox, Sarah – Developmental Science, 2019
Infants in low-resource settings are at heightened risk for compromised cognitive development due to a multitude of environmental insults in their surroundings. However, the onset of adverse outcomes and trajectory of cognitive development in these settings is not well understood. The aims of the present study were to adapt the Mullen Scales of…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Cognitive Ability, Young Children, Motor Development
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Raviv, Limor; Arnon, Inbal – Developmental Science, 2018
Infants, children and adults are capable of extracting recurring patterns from their environment through statistical learning (SL), an implicit learning mechanism that is considered to have an important role in language acquisition. Research over the past 20 years has shown that SL is present from very early infancy and found in a variety of tasks…
Descriptors: Child Development, Age Differences, Learning Processes, Children
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