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Smith, Emily R.; Lea, R. Brooke; O'Brien, Edward J. – Discourse Processes: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2023
The current set of experiments was designed to explore the processing of spatial information during reading, specifically the "spatial-shift" effect and the "spatial-gradient" effect. Experiments 1 and 2 demonstrated that when participants were presented with text alone (i.e., without prior map memorization, virtual…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Memory, Reading Processes, Undergraduate Students
Michelle L. Rizzella; Edward J. O'Brien – Discourse Processes: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2024
We examined the impact of prospective information on the processing of information occurring within the present timeline of narrative stories. Participants read target sentences that were consistent with events occurring within a protagonist's present timeline but inconsistent with events in the protagonist's future. When prospective information…
Descriptors: Information Literacy, Information Processing, Sentences, Memory
Bohn-Gettler, Catherine M.; McCrudden, Matthew T. – Discourse Processes: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2022
We examined whether positive emotions interacted with task instructions and topic beliefs to influence processing and memory of a dual-position text. Participants provided emotion and belief ratings, were instructed to focus on one position in a dual-position text while reading silently (Experiment 1) or thinking-aloud (Experiment 2), and then…
Descriptors: Psychological Patterns, Beliefs, Memory, Reading Processes
Perfetti, Charles; Helder, Anne – Discourse Processes: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2021
The study of word-to-text integration (WTI) provides a window on incremental processes that link the meaning of a word to the preceding text. We review a research program using event-related potential indicators of WTI at sentence beginnings, thus localizing sources of integration to prior text meaning independently of the current sentence. The…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Sentences, Reading Processes, Cognitive Processes
Mumper, Micah L.; Gerrig, Richard J. – Discourse Processes: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2021
While research has repeatedly found evidence that readers infer characters' emotions, we investigate three outstanding questions about the content and time course of such inferences. We ask whether even simple narratives give rise to emotion inferences, in what form such inferences are encoded into long-term memory, and whether they are uniquely…
Descriptors: Inferences, Emotional Response, Memory, Reading Processes
Hughes-Berheim, Sarah S.; Cheimariou, Spyridoula; Shelley-Tremblay, John F.; Doheny, Margaret M.; Morett, Laura M. – Discourse Processes: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2022
Taken together, the Coherence Principle of Multimedia Learning Theory and the Integrated Systems Hypothesis propose that co-occurring and semantically congruent verbal and visual information should be integrated into one mental representation that enhances memory. The purpose of this paper was to examine how learning pseudowords with matching…
Descriptors: Nonverbal Communication, Vocabulary Development, Systems Approach, Reading Processes
Bohn-Gettler, Catherine M.; McCrudden, Matthew T. – Discourse Processes: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2018
This study investigated the effects of task relevance instructions and topic beliefs on reading processes and memory for belief-related text. Undergraduates received task instructions (focus on arguments for vs. against) before reading a dual-position text. In Experiment 1 (n = 88), a reading time methodology showed no differences in reading time…
Descriptors: Relevance (Education), Beliefs, Reading Processes, Memory
Konheim-Kalkstein, Yasmine L.; van den Broek, Paul – Discourse Processes: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2008
This study examines the effect of incentives, a motivational manipulation, on cognitive processes of reading. Extrinsic motivation was manipulated through the use of monetary incentives to assess its effect on information processing in reading. One group of college students was paid for what they remembered from several narrative passages they…
Descriptors: College Students, Incentives, Reading Achievement, Student Motivation
Cook, Anne E.; Gueraud, Sabine; Was, Christopher A.; O'Brien, Edward J. – Discourse Processes: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2007
Previous researchers have argued that objects associated with a protagonist may be foregrounded, or held active, in memory. This study expanded on previous work by using an inconsistency paradigm to investigate the effects of protagonist association on object accessibility. Readers experienced more processing difficulty when a target sentence…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Memory, Psycholinguistics, Neurolinguistics
van den Broek, Paul; Rapp, David N.; Kendeou, Panayiota – Discourse Processes: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2005
Memory-based and constructionist processes have both been proposed as essential components of the activation of concepts (e.g., propositions) and the establishment of meaningful connections between concepts during reading. In this article, we argue that a comprehensive theory of reading comprehension should include both sets of processes. In…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Concept Formation, Memory, Constructivism (Learning)
Sanford, Anthony J.; Garrod, Simon C. – Discourse Processes: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2005
In this article, we discuss 2 issues that we believe any theory of discourse comprehension has to take account of-accessing irrelevant information and granularity. Along the lines that have been suggested as demonstrating the memory-based account, we describe some work in favor of the recruitment of apparently irrelevant information from memory…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Reading Comprehension, Memory, Learning Processes
Gerrig, Richard J.; O'Brien, Edward J. – Discourse Processes: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2005
In this article, we articulate the critical differences between memory-based processing and explanation-based processing. We suggest that the most important claim of memory-based text processing is that the automatic processes that function with respect to text processing are all applications of ordinary memory processes. This claim contrasts with…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Memory, Language Processing, Reading Processes
Cook, Anne E.; Gueraud, Sabine – Discourse Processes: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2005
In recent years, memory-based and explanation-based theories have dominated the discourse processing literature. Numerous studies have been conducted to show support for each of the two views. Most of these studies have manipulated factors in the episodic memory trace of texts, without a great deal of focus on how general world knowledge impacts…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Memory, Language Processing, Reading Processes