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Dever, Daryn A.; Wiedbusch, Megan D.; Cloude, Elizabeth B.; Lester, James; Azevedo, Roger – Discourse Processes: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2022
This study examined 57 learners' emotions (i.e., joy, anger, confusion, frustration) as they engaged with scientific content while learning about microbiology with Crystal Island, a game-based learning environment (GBLE). Measures of learners' prior knowledge, in-game text comprehension, facial expressions of emotion, and posttest reading…
Descriptors: Psychological Patterns, Reading Comprehension, Game Based Learning, Science Education
Saerys-Foy, Jeffrey E.; LoCasto, Paul C.; Burn, David; Ferranti, Daniella – Discourse Processes: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2022
According to theories of validation, people routinely check incoming information against prior knowledge during comprehension. On these theories, information is validated if it fits with prior knowledge. Some researchers argue that information needs to be successfully validated before being incorporated into the situation model. We report five…
Descriptors: Fantasy, Reading Rate, Prior Learning, Reading Comprehension
List, Alexandra – Discourse Processes: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2023
In this paper, I apply the Multiple Documents Text-Based Relevance Assessment and Content Extraction (MD-TRACE) model, to describe the types of cognitive processes that students engage to critically reason about social issues, as they are portrayed through mass media. In addition to examining such processes, I further consider the extent to which…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Abstract Reasoning, Social Justice, Social Problems
Catrysse, Leen; Chauliac, Margot; Donche, Vincent; Gijbels, David – Discourse Processes: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2022
This study examined the relationship between refutation texts and attention allocation by focusing on the interaction between important reader-and-text characteristics. Specifically, the authors investigated how prior knowledge and text-based interest affect attention allocation on refutation/control statements, topic, and explanatory and…
Descriptors: Correlation, Attention Control, Reading Materials, Reader Text Relationship
van Moort, Marianne L.; Koornneef, Arnout; van den Broek, Paul W. – Discourse Processes: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2021
To build a coherent accurate mental representation of a text, readers routinely validate information they read against the preceding text and their background knowledge. It is clear that both sources affect processing, but "when" and "how" they exert their influence remains unclear. To examine the time course and cognitive…
Descriptors: Reading Processes, Eye Movements, Prior Learning, Reading Comprehension
Skalicky, Stephen; Crossley, Scott A. – Discourse Processes: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2019
Previous investigations of satire posit that satire comprehension is influenced by prior knowledge, satirical strategies, and other demographic features, such as age. However, these claims have not yet been tested using online processing techniques. In this study we investigate satire processing using newspaper headlines from the satirical…
Descriptors: Satire, Newspapers, Journalism, Humor
McCrudden, Matthew T.; Huynh, Linh; Lyu, Bailing; Kulikowich, Jonna M. – Discourse Processes: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2021
The purpose of this study was to investigate bridging inferences and learning when students with low topic knowledge read multiple complementary biology texts. Using a think-aloud protocol, we assessed students' (n = 74) cognitive processes while they read one text about principles of natural selection and three texts about examples of natural…
Descriptors: Inferences, Knowledge Level, Prior Learning, Biology
van Moort, Marianne L.; Koornneef, Arnout; van den Broek, Paul W. – Discourse Processes: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2018
To create a coherent and correct mental representation of a text, readers must validate incoming information; they must monitor information for consistency with the preceding text and their background knowledge. The current study aims to contrast text- and knowledge-based monitoring to investigate their unique influences on processing and whether…
Descriptors: Reading Processes, Short Term Memory, Knowledge Level, Reading Comprehension
Ryan D. Kopatich; Joseph P. Magliano; Keith K. Millis; Christopher P. Parker; Melissa Ray – Discourse Processes: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2019
A large body of work has demonstrated that reader resources influence inference processes and comprehension, but few models of comprehension have accounted for such resources. The Direct and Mediational Inference model of comprehension (DIME) assumes that general inference processes mediate the effects of reader resources on general comprehension…
Descriptors: Reading Tests, Intelligence Tests, Inferences, Reading Comprehension
Summarizing as a Strategy for Science Text Comprehension: Text-Based versus Content-Based Processing
Leopold, Claudia; Brückner, Annette; Dutke, Stephan – Discourse Processes: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2019
In this experiment, we contrasted two instructions in which the focus of summary writing was varied. We predicted that students would better understand a scientific text when they learn to focus their summaries on the referential content rather than on the hierarchical structure of the text. In a 2 × 2 factorial experiment, 85 Grade-10 students…
Descriptors: Grade 10, High School Students, Writing Skills, Prediction
Braasch, Jason L. G.; Goldman, Susan R. – Discourse Processes: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2010
Two experiments examined whether inconsistent effects of analogies in promoting new content learning from text are related to prior knowledge of the analogy "per se." In Experiment 1, college students who demonstrated little understanding of weather systems and different levels of prior knowledge (more vs. less) of an analogous everyday…
Descriptors: Logical Thinking, Prior Learning, Misconceptions, Protocol Analysis
Salmeron, Ladislao; Kintsch, Walter; Kintsch, Eileen – Discourse Processes: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2010
This article explores the role of self-regulation in strategies that readers use to decide the order in which to read the different sections of a hypertext. This study explored 3 main strategies for link selection based on (a) link screen position, (b) link interest, and (c) the semantic relation of a link with the section just read. This study…
Descriptors: Cognitive Style, Semantics, Metacognition, Learning Strategies
McNamara, Danielle S. – Discourse Processes: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2004
This study examined the effects of providing reading strategy instruction to improve the effectiveness of self-explanation (i.e., explaining the meaning of information to oneself while reading). The effects of the reading strategy instruction, called Self-Explanation Reading Training (SERT), were examined both in terms of comprehension scores and…
Descriptors: Reading Strategies, Reading Comprehension, Science Instruction, Oral Reading
Wahlberg, Timothy; Magliano, Joseph P. – Discourse Processes: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2004
This study assessed whether high functioning readers with autism are capable of drawing on prior knowledge during reading. Readers with autism and matched normal readers read ambiguous texts that described well-known historical events. The presence of an informative or noninformative title and primer texts that explicitly described the referenced…
Descriptors: Prior Learning, Cues, Autism, Reading Comprehension
Cook, Anne E.; Gueraud, Sabine – Discourse Processes: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2005
In recent years, memory-based and explanation-based theories have dominated the discourse processing literature. Numerous studies have been conducted to show support for each of the two views. Most of these studies have manipulated factors in the episodic memory trace of texts, without a great deal of focus on how general world knowledge impacts…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Memory, Language Processing, Reading Processes
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