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Kim, Eun Mi; Oláh, Leslie Nabors; Peters, Stephanie – ETS Research Report Series, 2020
K-12 students are expected to acquire competence in data display as part of developing statistical literacy. To support research, assessment design, and instruction, we developed a hypothesized learning progression (LP) using existing empirical literature in the fields of mathematics and statistics education. The data display LP posits a…
Descriptors: Mathematics Education, Statistics Education, Teaching Methods, Data Analysis
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Zhu, Mengxiao; Zhang, Mo; Deane, Paul – ETS Research Report Series, 2019
The research on using event logs and item response time to study test-taking processes is rapidly growing in the field of educational measurement. In this study, we analyzed the keystroke logs collected from 761 middle school students in the United States as they completed a persuasive writing task. Seven variables were extracted from the…
Descriptors: Keyboarding (Data Entry), Data Collection, Data Analysis, Writing Processes
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Fife, James H.; James, Kofi; Peters, Stephanie – ETS Research Report Series, 2020
The concept of variability is central to statistics. In this research report, we review mathematics education research on variability and, based on that review and on feedback from an expert panel, propose a learning progression (LP) for variability. The structure of the proposed LP consists of 5 levels of sophistication in understanding…
Descriptors: Mathematics Education, Statistics Education, Feedback (Response), Research Reports