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Donoghue, John R.; McClellan, Catherine A.; Hess, Melinda R. – ETS Research Report Series, 2022
When constructed-response items are administered for a second time, it is necessary to evaluate whether the current Time B administration's raters have drifted from the scoring of the original administration at Time A. To study this, Time A papers are sampled and rescored by Time B scorers. Commonly the scores are compared using the proportion of…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Test Construction, Scoring, Testing
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Haberman, Shelby J. – ETS Research Report Series, 2008
Continuous exponential families may be employed to find continuous distributions with the same initial moments as the discrete distributions encountered in typical applications of classical equating. These continuous distributions provide distribution functions and quantile functions that may be employed in equating. To illustrate, an application…
Descriptors: Equated Scores, Statistical Distributions, Probability, Computation
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Haberman, Shelby J. – ETS Research Report Series, 2008
Continuous exponential families are applied to linking forms via a single-group design. In this application, a distribution from the continuous bivariate exponential family is used that has selected moments that match those of the bivariate distribution of scores on the forms to be linked. The selected continuous bivariate distribution then yields…
Descriptors: Equated Scores, Probability, Statistical Distributions, Models