Technological advancements have ushered in a new era of global educational development. Artificial Intelligence (AI) holds the potential to enhance teaching effectiveness and foster educational innovation. By utilizing student posture as a proxy, computer vision technology can accurately gauge levels of student engagement. While previous efforts…

The use of immersive virtual reality (iVR) technology creates an infinite set of possibilities for language learners both inside and outside the traditional classroom setting. In contributing a deeper understanding of language education with iVR, the present study explored how low-proficiency level English learners perceived iVR and how iVR…