This study explores the types of online interaction used and levels of reflection achieved by undergraduate students, including the influence of the former on the latter on Google Docs. A qualitative approach was employed by means of (i) content analysis of students' comments and individual reflections based on the established coding schemes of…

Flipped classroom pedagogy, primarily focused on in-person classroom settings, emphasizes pre-class independent learning where students engage asynchronously with online materials and self-assessments. However, traditional pre-class learning methods, such as watching pre-recorded instructional videos and completing multiple-choice…

This study addresses the necessity of comprehending the remote learning environment for improving online course design and delivery. The primary objective is to investigate the impact of teaching, cognitive, and social presence, along with learner motivation from the Community of Inquiry framework, on students' learning satisfaction in both…

Hybrid learning environments saw significant growth due to the COVID-19 pandemic but persist beyond it, one example is the telepresence classroom. This classroom allows the connection of two classrooms in distance locations into a singular one. The technology in a telepresence classroom includes a camera, multiple projectors, microphones, and…

Commenting, liking and reacting on the Internet have become ubiquitous. In almost every online interaction, people have the opportunity to show their approval of comments. It has also become common to express several other feelings such as anger, love, and compassion through emojis. Previous research suggests that "online spaces represent a…

This pilot study explores and documents online students' and their lecturer's debut experiences of utilising VoiceThread (VT), a digital multimodal platform, as an alternative discussion space via Open Universities Australia (OUA). Feedback from the lecturer's teaching log and interview was corroborated with his OUA students' survey responses, and…

Once the COVID-19 crisis is over, will everything" return to normal" or will we instead witness an ongoing boom in online learning? A time of crisis is an opportunity for all education systems to look to the future; there is enormous potential for digital technology in mathematics education, regardless of the impact of COVID-19. In this…

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effects of second language (L2) motivation, willingness to communicate (WTC), and international posture on the relationship between L2 Self-perceived communication competence (SPCC) and L2 frequency of communication (L2 FC) in online informal English learning contexts among…