Team has been widely applied in various fields, in which the collaboration efficiency of a team is the main consideration under the constraints of skill requirements. In educational scenarios, an educational institution usually builds a team of students with different skills to attend a competition, in which team communication cost and team…

This study investigated the impact of problematization-oriented scaffolding and structuring-oriented scaffolding, incorporated within instructional videos, on students' computational thinking and their performance in programming education. We recruited 86 participants from three senior classes at a high school. Each of the three classes was…

In the context of our rapidly digitizing society, computational thinking stands out as an essential attribute for cultivating aptitude and expertise. Through the prism of computational thinking, learners are more adeptly positioned to dissect and navigate real-world challenges, poising them effectively to meet the exigencies of future societal…