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Zhong, Baichang; Xia, Liying; Su, Siyu – Education and Information Technologies, 2022
One of the aspects of programming that novices often struggle with is the understanding of abstract concepts, such as variables, loops, expressions, and especially Boolean operations. This paper aims to explore the effects of programming tools with different degrees of embodiment on learning Boolean operations in elementary school. To this end, 67…
Descriptors: Programming Languages, Programming, Novices, Elementary Education
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Hanrui Gao; Yi Zhang; Gwo-Jen Hwang; Sunan Zhao; Ying Wang; Kang Wang – Education and Information Technologies, 2024
Artificial Intelligence (AI) education in primary schools has received a great deal of attention globally, and it is thus important to investigate primary school students' perceptions and understanding of AI learning. Therefore, in this study, 673 drawings of conceptions of AI learning by third to sixth grade students were collected. Firstly, a…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Student Attitudes, Artificial Intelligence, Freehand Drawing