Learning analytics, located at the intersection of learning science, data science, and computer science, aims to leverage educational data to enhance teaching and learning. However, as educational data increases, distilling meaningful insights presents challenges, particularly concerning individual learner differences. This work introduces a…

"Self-regulated learning" (SRL) significantly impacts the process and outcome of "programming problem-solving." Studies on SRL behavioural patterns of programming students based on trace data are limited in number and lack of coverage. In this study, hence, the Hidden Markov Model (HMM) was employed to probabilistically mine…