Before taking full responsibility for a real classroom, pre-service teachers (PTs) can safely experience a rich learning atmosphere in a simulated virtual classroom environment and receive feedback on their lesson planning and teaching performance. This research aims to support and examine the process of structuring PTs' teaching skills with a…

Despite the widespread integration of technological tools in pre-service English-as-a-Foreign-Language (EFL) education, there has been a dearth of research investigating the effects of the latest virtual platforms on pre-service teachers' competence in lesson planning, perceived presence, and perceptions, particularly in relation to high- and…

Despite national curricula and instructional reforms calling for collaborative problem-solving skills (CPS), however, there is an absence of a theory-laden model showing how to effectively construct CPS for science learning. We therefore developed and validated a simulation-based CPS model that exploits its constructs, sequences, and causal…