Children inevitably start using smart devices from the first year of their lives. Parents should have knowledge and awareness of the conscious use of applications on smart devices. For this reason, a scale to measure parents' knowledge and awareness of the conscious use of applications on smart devices has become necessary. Due to this necessity,…

Prolonged digital use is prevalent among young children. Still, it is unclear which parental risk factors contribute to this and whether cultural background (western vs. non-western) and parental role (mother vs. father/parents) could moderate this impact. A systematic literature search identified 52 empirical studies with 54,334 children in a…

Previous studies have shown that demographic factors can influence parental mediation strategies during children's digital gameplay. However, little is known about maternal and paternal mediation in Iranian families. This study examined the relationship between maternal and paternal mediation (restrictive, active, viewing, technical, and…

This study aims to determine whether parents' media mediation roles are related to their early childhood children's digital game addiction tendencies. In addition, it examines whether these variables are related to the child's and parent's digital device usage habits and whether they differ according to various sociodemographic variables and…

In the last decade, interactive touchscreen devices have become ubiquitous in young children, and toddlers first experience touchscreen technology before two. Although parents have a vital role in developing the home environment as a stimulus for development, they also have conflicting views on the appropriateness of using apps to deliver…

Digital devices have become more widespread in recent years and children's interest in them has significantly changed their own learning habits. Individual interaction with digital devices in infancy and early childhood posits both benefits and risks in gaining informal learning experiences. The lack of relevant studies on the issue brings forward…