Several primary studies have documented the positive effect of virtual field trips on students' academic achievement, while others have reported inconsistent results. Therefore, this three-level meta-analysis examined the effect of virtual field trips on the academic achievement of students from primary to tertiary education levels, addressing the…

As extended reality (XR) technologies become more prevalent in postsecondary learning environments around the world, this study offers a scoping review of published research on the topic. By leveraging a theoretical framework to examine data across the various domains comprising extended reality (i.e., augmented, mixed, and virtual reality), this…