With the advent of closed-circuit television systems (CCTV) in the era of technology, a massive amount of video data is generated daily. CCTV are installed at several educational institutions to monitor students' behavior and ensure their safety. Human activity monitoring is done manually. Abnormal human actions refer to rare or unusual actions in…

This paper introduces a Patron Counting and Analysis (PCA) system that leverages Wi-Fi-connection data to monitor space utilization and analyze visitor patterns in academic libraries. The PCA system offers real-time crowding information to the public and a comprehensive visitor analysis dashboard for library administrators. The system's…

The use of mobile devices is increasing rapidly in society, and student device ownership is becoming more or less ubiquitous in many parts of the world. This might be an under-utilised resource that could benefit the educational practices of institutions of higher education. This review examines 91 journal articles from 28 countries published in…