It is important for teachers and researchers to have access to evidence-based practices that target teaching specific content area skills, such as mathematics, to students with ASD (Hume et al., 2021). Previous literature reviews targeting mathematics interventions for students with ASD (Barnett & Cleary, 2016; Gevarter et al., 2016; King et…

Researchers determined virtual manipulatives, on their own or as part of an instructional sequence, to be an evidence-based practice for students with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD; Long et al., 2022). Yet, the majority of research looking at virtual manipulative-based instructional sequences involves the phases learned in a…

The virtual-representational-abstract (VRA) instructional sequence presents as a viable mathematics intervention for students with disabilities, including students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Yet, to date, all research has been conducted face-to-face with students. However, virtual manipulatives provide an opportunity for educators to…

The global COVID-19 pandemic forced teachers to support students online in multiple academic subjects, including mathematics, including students with disabilities and those at-risk. And yet, to date, limited research exists examining teaching mathematics to students with disabilities online. The current study explored the use of the…

Current research on teaching mathematics to students with intellectual disability (ID) has demonstrated that, given evidence-based instruction, these students can acquire a wide range of skills. However, very little research has been conducted in inclusive general education (GE) classrooms and no studies have utilized the GE teacher as the…

Fractions are foundational concepts for more advanced mathematics as well as used throughout daily living, for all students, including students with disabilities. This study explored the virtual-abstract (VA) instructional sequence with regard to the acquisition and maintenance of fraction behaviors for three middle school students with mild…

Virtual manipulatives are an emerging intervention to support students with disabilities in mathematics. Through a multiple probe across participants design, researchers examined use of an intervention package consisting of a virtual manipulative (i.e., the Two-Color Counter app-based manipulative) and the system of least prompts (SLP) to support…

A multiple probe across participants design was used to examine the effectiveness of a treatment package to teach students with moderate intellectual disability how to solve simple linear equations. The investigator read realistic scenarios of a problem, used actual items as manipulatives, presented a visual aid of the equation, and used a system…

Instructional technology is growing at rapid rates. In the field of mathematics, virtual manipulatives are a research-based tool that has shown to have a positive impact on students' mathematic achievement, as well as student engagement in learning. In an effort to extend the research, this study investigated the impact of virtual manipulatives,…

Elementary students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) who struggle with mathematics may be limited in opportunities to pursue advanced mathematics potentially impacting post-school outcomes, including postsecondary education and employment opportunities. Interventions that provide visual instruction, such as manipulatives, along with systematic…

The systematic use of reinforcers is an essential component of behavioral intervention for individuals diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Today, the use of rigorous formal preference assessments, including paired-preference assessments, are widely conducted to help determine which items to use as reinforcers during intervention. Although…

Manipulatives support students with and without disabilities in mathematics. However, as students age, concrete manipulatives can be limiting and potentially not age appropriate (Satsangi, 2015). An alternative is virtual manipulatives, including app-based manipulatives. This study compared the use of app-based manipulatives to concrete…

Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) have unique educational needs. The concrete representational abstract (CRA) instructional sequence has been shown effective in teaching students with mathematical difficulties. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the CRA sequence in teaching students with ASD. A multiple baseline…

This study investigated the effect of systematic early numeracy skill instruction on grade-aligned 4th and 5th grade Common Core math skill acquisition for three 4th and 5th grade students with a significant intellectual disability. Students were taught early numeracy skills (e.g., number identification, making sets to five items, simple addition)…

Students with disabilities need problem-solving skills to promote their success in solving the problems of daily life. The research into problem-solving instruction has been limited for students with autism. Using a problem-solving intervention and the Self Determined Learning Model of Instruction, three elementary age students with autism were…