Publication Date
| In 2025 | 1 |
| Since 2024 | 1 |
Descriptor
Source
| Educational Evaluation and… | 1 |
Author
| Cory Koedel | 1 |
| NaYoung Hwang | 1 |
Publication Type
| Journal Articles | 1 |
| Reports - Research | 1 |
Education Level
| Early Childhood Education | 1 |
| Elementary Education | 1 |
| Grade 3 | 1 |
| Junior High Schools | 1 |
| Middle Schools | 1 |
| Primary Education | 1 |
| Secondary Education | 1 |
Audience
Location
| Indiana | 1 |
Laws, Policies, & Programs
Assessments and Surveys
What Works Clearinghouse Rating
Peer reviewed
Direct linkNaYoung Hwang; Cory Koedel – Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 2025
We evaluate the effects of grade retention on students' academic, attendance, and disciplinary outcomes in Indiana. Using a regression discontinuity design, we show that third-grade retention increases achievement in English Language Arts (ELA) and math immediately and substantially, and the effects persist into middle school. We find no evidence…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Grade 3, Grade Repetition, Low Achievement
