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Hong, Guanglei; Raudenbush, Stephen W. – Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 2005
Grade retention has been controversial for many years, and current calls to end social promotion have lent new urgency to this issue. On the one hand, a policy of retaining in grade those students making slow progress might facilitate instruction by making classrooms more homogeneous academically. On the other hand, grade retention might harm…
Descriptors: High Risk Students, Kindergarten, Social Promotion, Mathematics Achievement