Examines and compares various outcomes of education, such as standardized test results, classroom observations, teacher reports, and teacher interviews, in terms of their potential to inform policymakers about policy influences on student outcomes. Suggests the need for clearer understanding of how these approximations are related to each other.…

Drawing on British data, this article discusses issues involved in analyzing educational indicator data. Gross productivity, new productivity, and inequality are discussed as types of indicators that describe interdistrict variation in Great Britain. Recommendations are made regarding features of an educational assessment that would be necessary…

Highlights lessons learned by a national organization, the Council of Chief State School Officers, in building an education indicator system in cooperation with federal and state education agencies. Issues emphasized are (1) the role of consensus; (2) production of indicators through a cooperative data system; and (3) reporting methods. (SLD)