Realizing their coaching program was not having desired effects for teachers or for students' achievement, leaders in the Manor School District in Texas revamped the district's coaching program. They created two "communities" encompassing all coaches in the district (since district schools were each doing their own thing with regard to…

Studies of educational change have not looked at institutionalization of new programs. This study found four approaches to institutionalizing changes: (1) mandated, stable use; (2) skillful, committed use; (3) vulnerability; and (4) indifference. Teacher-administrator harmony is critical to success. (MD)

School systems can promote computer literacy among teachers by starting at the administrative level, making inservice comprehensive and long-term, providing concrete support, and offering opportunities for participation. (Author)