Beginning discussions and exploratory work on criterion-referenced measurement are reviewed in this commentary on the author's 1963 address to the American Educational Research Association on issues of measurement and the development of educational technology. Many problems foreseen at that time remain current. (SLD)

Context-dependent item sets, containing a subset of test items related to a passage or stimulus, are discussed. A brief review of methods for developing item sets reveals their potential for measuring high-level thinking. Theories and technologies for scoring item sets remain largely experimental. Research needs are discussed. (SLD)