The rise of computer-based testing has brought with it the capability to measure more aspects of a test event than simply the answers selected or constructed by the test taker. One behavior that has drawn much research interest is the time test takers spend responding to individual multiple-choice items. In particular, very short response…

A methodology for developing multiple-choice critical thinking tests is described, which attempts to overcome certain problems of validity and fairness associated with such tests. It is concluded that direct evidence on test validity should be gathered using verbal reports of students' thinking on trial items. (TJH)

Literature related to the multiple true-false (MTF) item format is reviewed. Each answer cluster of a MTF item may have several true items and the correctness of each is judged independently. MTF tests appear efficient and reliable, although they are a bit harder than multiple choice items for examinees. (SLD)