We addressed the challenge of scoring cognitive interviews in research involving multiple cultural groups. We interviewed 123 fourth- and fifth-grade students from three cultural groups to probe how they related a mathematics item to their personal lives. Item meaningfulness--the tendency of students to relate the content and/or context of an item…

Examinees who take high-stakes assessments are usually given an opportunity to repeat the test if they are unsuccessful on their initial attempt. To prevent examinees from obtaining unfair score increases by memorizing the content of specific test items, testing agencies usually assign a different test form to repeat examinees. The use of multiple…

Generalizability of performance-based assessment scores across raters and tasks is examined, focusing on implications of generalizability analyses for specific uses and interpretations of assessment results. Although it seems probable that assessment conditions, task characteristics, and interactions with instructional experiences affect the…