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Direct linkWolff, Fabian – Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 2021
The internal/external frame of reference (I/E) model describes the formation of students' math and verbal self-concepts by the joint effects of social comparisons (where students compare their subject-specific achievements with those of their classmates) and dimensional comparisons (where students compare their math and verbal achievements with…
Descriptors: Self Concept, Concept Formation, Mathematics Achievement, Verbal Ability
