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Kolen, Michael J.; Lee, Won-Chan – Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 2011
This paper illustrates that the psychometric properties of scores and scales that are used with mixed-format educational tests can impact the use and interpretation of the scores that are reported to examinees. Psychometric properties that include reliability and conditional standard errors of measurement are considered in this paper. The focus is…
Descriptors: Test Use, Test Format, Error of Measurement, Raw Scores

Zwick, Rebecca – Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 1991
Item parameter estimates derived through item response theory methods have been considered relatively robust to changes in item position and context, but the anomaly in reading scores from the 1986 National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) illustrates problems with common population equating procedures when there are test form changes.…
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, Context Effect, Equated Scores, Estimation (Mathematics)