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Traub, Ross E.; Rowley, Glenn L. – Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 1991
The idea of test consistency is illustrated, with reference to two sets of test scores. A mathematical model is used to explain the relative consistency and relative inconsistency of measurements, and a means of indexing reliability is derived using the model. Practical aspects of estimating reliability are considered. (TJH)
Descriptors: Mathematical Models, Test Reliability, True Scores

Harvill, Leo M. – Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 1991
This paper discusses standard error of measurement (SEM), the amount of variation or spread in the measurement errors for a test, and gives information needed to interpret test scores using SEMs. SEMs at various score levels should be used in calculating score bands rather than a single SEM value. (SLD)
Descriptors: Definitions, Equations (Mathematics), Error of Measurement, Estimation (Mathematics)