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Academic Risk Factors and Deficits of Learned Hopelessness: A Longitudinal Study of Hong Kong Secondary School Students
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Au, Raymond C. P.; Watkins, David A.; Hattie, John A. C. – Educational Psychology, 2010
The aim of the present study is to explore a causal model of academic achievement and learning-related personal variables by testing the nature of relationships between learned hopelessness, its risk factors and hopelessness deficits as proposed in major theories in this area. The model investigates affective-motivational characteristics of…
Descriptors: Learning Problems, Causal Models, Self Efficacy, Academic Achievement