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Kristen L. Granger; Jason C. Chow – Educational Psychology Review, 2025
The purpose of this paper is to propose a framework to guide the study of classroom factors that promote student functioning and development within classroom settings. First, we describe a new framework, "Classroom Carrying Capacity," to categorize factors in the classroom as limiting or resource factors across four domains: external,…
Descriptors: Learning Processes, Capacity Building, Classroom Environment, Influences
Lachner, Andreas; Hoogerheide, Vincent; van Gog, Tamara; Renkl, Alexander – Educational Psychology Review, 2022
Teaching the contents of study materials by providing explanations to fellow students can be a beneficial instructional activity. A learning-by-teaching effect can also occur when students provide explanations to a real, remote, or even fictitious audience that cannot be interacted with. It is unclear, however, which underlying mechanisms drive…
Descriptors: Instruction, Instructional Effectiveness, Models, Educational Practices
Skulmowski, Alexander; Nebel, Steve; Remmele, Martin; Rey, Günter Daniel – Educational Psychology Review, 2022
The use of realistic visualizations has gained considerable interest due to the proliferation of virtual reality equipment. This review is concerned with the theoretical basis, technical implementation, cognitive effects, and educational implications of using realistic visualizations. Realism can be useful for learners, but in several studies,…
Descriptors: Realism, Learning Processes, Visualization, Cognitive Processes
Denis Dumas; James C. Kaufman – Educational Psychology Review, 2024
Who should evaluate the originality and task-appropriateness of a given idea has been a perennial debate among psychologists of creativity. Here, we argue that the most relevant evaluator of a given idea depends crucially on the level of expertise of the person who generated it. To build this argument, we draw on two complimentary theoretical…
Descriptors: Decision Making, Creativity, Task Analysis, Psychologists
Feldon, David F.; Litson, Kaylee – Educational Psychology Review, 2021
Working memory is an essential mechanism in the cognitive learning process. However, its definitions and mechanisms remain a topic of debate. Miller-Cotto and Byrnes ("Journal of Educational Psychology," "112"(5), 1074-1084, 2020) reported a comparison of three models of working memory to determine which best accounted for data…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Learning Processes, Models, Children
Zamary, Amanda; Rawson, Katherine A. – Educational Psychology Review, 2018
Declarative concepts (abstract concepts denoted by key terms and definitions) are foundational content in many courses at most grade levels. The current research compared the relative effectiveness of provided examples to faded examples (a technique involving a transition from studying provided examples to completing partial examples to generating…
Descriptors: Concept Formation, Educational Psychology, Learning Processes, Models
Wirth, Joachim; Stebner, Ferdinand; Trypke, Melanie; Schuster, Corinna; Leutner, Detlev – Educational Psychology Review, 2020
Models of self-regulated learning emphasize the active and intentional role of learners and, thereby, focus mainly on conscious processes in working memory and long-term memory. Cognitive load theory supports this view on learning. As a result, both fields of research ignore the potential role of unconscious processes for learning. In this review…
Descriptors: Self Management, Learning Processes, Difficulty Level, Short Term Memory
Paas, Fred; Ayres, Paul – Educational Psychology Review, 2014
According to cognitive load theory (CLT), the limitations of working memory (WM) in the learning of new tasks together with its ability to cooperate with an unlimited long-term memory (LTM) for familiar tasks enable human beings to deal effectively with complex problems and acquire highly complex knowledge and skills. With regard to WM, CLT has…
Descriptors: Cognitive Ability, Concept Formation, Memory, Instructional Design
Hunt, Earl – Educational Psychology Review, 2012
Demetriou, Spanoudis, and Mouyi have provided a comprehensive view of the relation between a model of the mind and the process of education. The model they propose is based on cognitive theories of mental action, rather than neuroscientific evidence. I argue here that that is the correct approach, for a model of the information processing…
Descriptors: Evidence, Cognitive Psychology, Cognitive Processes, Models
Ginns, Paul; Martin, Andrew J.; Marsh, Herbert W. – Educational Psychology Review, 2013
This article reviews research on the effects of conversational style on learning. Studies of conversational style have variously investigated "personalization" through changing instances of first-person address to second or third person, including sentences that directly address the learner; including more polite forms of address; and…
Descriptors: Language Styles, Meta Analysis, Models, Learning Processes
Kalyuga, Slava; Renkl, Alexander; Paas, Fred – Educational Psychology Review, 2010
The development of flexible, transferable problem-solving skills is an important aim of contemporary educational systems. Since processing limitations of our mind represent a major factor influencing any meaningful learning, the acquisition of flexible problem-solving skills needs to be based on known characteristics of our cognitive architecture…
Descriptors: Problem Solving, Cognitive Processes, Educational Theories, Models
Dinsmore, Daniel L.; Alexander, Patricia A. – Educational Psychology Review, 2012
The prevailing assumption by some that deep processing promotes stronger learning outcomes while surface processing promotes weaker learning outcomes has been called into question by the inconsistency and ambiguity of results in investigations of the relation between levels of processing and performance. The purpose of this literature review is to…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Outcomes of Education, Investigations, Literature Reviews
Vollmeyer, Regina; Rheinberg, Falko – Educational Psychology Review, 2006
In our cognitive motivational process model (Vollmeyer & Rheinberg, "Zeitschrift fur Padagogische Psychologie," 12:11-23, 1998) we assume that initial motivation affects performance via motivation during learning and learning strategies. These variables are also central for self-regulation theories (e.g., M. Boekaerts, "European Psychologist,"…
Descriptors: Learning Motivation, Self Management, Independent Study, Models
Entwistle, Noel; McCune, Velda – Educational Psychology Review, 2004
This article describes the historical origins and development of a series of well-known study strategy inventories and seeks to identify their conceptual bases. The theories and evidence influencing the development of 6 contrasting instruments are considered before examining empirical evidence of similarities and differences between the…
Descriptors: Study, Methods, Measures (Individuals), Motivation