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Direct linkCahit, Kaya – Educational Research and Reviews, 2015
In experimental research, internal validity refers to what extent researchers can conclude that changes in dependent variable (i.e. outcome) are caused by manipulations in independent variable. The causal inference permits researchers to meaningfully interpret research results. This article discusses (a) internal validity threats in social and…
Descriptors: Research Design, Validity, Predictor Variables, Educational Research
Ince, Alparslan – Educational Research and Reviews, 2015
The aim of this study is to present a new approach to sport medicine. Comparative analysis of the Vertebrae Lumbales was done in sedentary group and Muay Thai athletes. It was done by acquiring three dimensional (3-D) data and models through photogrammetric methods from the Multi-detector Computerized Tomography (MDCT) images of the Vertebrae…
Descriptors: Sports Medicine, Control Groups, Experimental Groups, Measurement Techniques
Muraya, Daniel Ngaru; Kimamo, Githui – Educational Research and Reviews, 2011
Performance in Biology at secondary school level in Kenya remains poor and one reason is the teaching approach adopted by teachers with teacher-centered approaches being pre-dominant. This study sought to determine the effect of cooperative learning approach on mean achievement scores in Biology of secondary school students.…
Descriptors: Control Groups, Teacher Effectiveness, Achievement Tests, Cooperative Learning
