The paper reports on the introduction of the graphics calculator into three centralised examination systems, which were located in Denmark, Victoria (Australia) and the International Baccalaureate. The introduction of the graphics calculator required those responsible for writing examination questions to consider how to assess mathematical skills…

Describes how the meaning of a tool was constructed by students and their teacher, and how students used the tool to construct mathematical meaning out of particular tasks through a qualitative classroom-based study. Suggests that the nature of the mathematical tasks and the role, knowledge, and beliefs of the teacher influenced the emergence of…