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Peer reviewedFalk, Ruma; And Others – Educational Studies in Mathematics, 1980
This study, conducted with children 4 to 11 years old, indicates that probability concepts could be introduced early in the elementary grades. (MK)
Descriptors: Concept Formation, Decision Making, Educational Research, Elementary Education
Peer reviewedFischbein, E.; Gazit, A. – Educational Studies in Mathematics, 1984
The effects of a teaching program in probability devised for students in grades five to seven were analyzed. Most of the notions were too difficult for fifth graders; 60-70 percent of the sixth graders and 80-90 percent of the seventh graders were able to understand and use correctly most of the concepts. (MNS)
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Educational Research, Elementary Secondary Education, Mathematical Concepts
Peer reviewedJones, Graham A.; And Others – Educational Studies in Mathematics, 1997
Presents a framework for assessing probabilistic thinking based on validated data obtained from eight third grade children who served as case studies. Major constructs were sample space, probability of an event, probability comparisons, and conditional probability. Levels of thinking appear to agree with the levels of cognitive functioning…
Descriptors: Concept Formation, Elementary Education, Elementary School Mathematics, Evaluation
