This is the first in a series of two articles examining the current status of instructional design (ID) scholarship and theory in four different cultures or traditions. In this article, the focus is on, first, ID models based on traditional behavioral theories of learning and, second, on models based on cognitive science and the learning sciences.…

This article describes instructional theory that supports post-industrial education and training systems--ones that are customized and learner-centered, in which student progress is based on learning rather than time. The author discusses the importance of problem-based instruction (PBI), identifies some problems with PBI, overviews an…

Discusses the development of an Enriched Learning and Information Environment (ELIE). Highlights include technology-based and theory-based frameworks for defining ELIEs; a socio-technical definition; a conceptual prototype; a participatory design process, including iterative design through rapid prototyping; and design issues for technology…

The purpose of this article is to clarify some concepts integral to the application of systems theory, and to show how its use may result in humanized education. (Author)

Presents remarks on constructivism that are based on a discussion in an earlier issue. Topics addressed include the role of theory in the instructional design process; the construction of knowledge; differences between objectivists and constructivists; knowledge representation; entry behaviors and task analysis; and instructional systems…

Describes attempts within the military training establishments to systematize the planning, development, conduct, and evaluation of training. (Author)

Discusses the concept and design of an enriched learning and information environment that was originally developed at Indiana University in partnership with AT&T (American Telephone and Telegraph). Topics addressed include constructivism, cognitive tools, representing expert behavior, apprenticeship, technological tools, information tools,…

A brief description of a behavior classification system which plots student behavior against instructional styles. (AK)

Examines some factors which may threaten the use of instructional technology in specialized subject areas and suggests procedures to reduce cost and time in producing instructional systems. (Author)

Article discusses several major error syndromes associated with current instructional development activities. (Author)

Examines issues related to theory and instructional systems design: the utility of theory; differences between descriptive (scientific) and design (goal-oriented) theories; the value of multiple theoretical perspectives; the inadequacy of current instructional design theories; and new directions needed in instructional theory, emphasizing the…

Discusses the field of instructional systems technology (IST) and suggests the need for new models of learning. The change in learning psychology from behaviorism to cognitive psychology is described, a constructivistic approach to IST is explained, and cognitive tools including intelligent tutoring systems are considered. (Nine references) (LRW)

Author argues that individual assessment of the students learning style should precede the decision of which teaching method is appropriate. He applies the medical terminology of diagnosis-prescription to this method of instructional development for management. (HB)