The emergence of advanced information technology has revolutionized education and accentuated the demand for high-quality learning. However, many teachers fall short of using technology effectively and optimizing instructional design to promote deeper learning. To address this issue, this study proposes a four-element flipped learning model, which…

In an increasingly multilingual world, it is important to examine methods that may lead to more efficient second language learning, as well as to analyze the mechanisms by which successful learning occurs. The purpose of the current study was to investigate how different learning contexts can impact the learning of Mandarin Chinese as a second…