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Direct linkLiu, Tzu-Chien; Lin, Yi-Chun; Wang, Tzu-Ning; Yeh, Shih-Ching; Kalyuga, Slava – Educational Technology Research and Development, 2021
Redundancy effect has been investigated in many controlled experimental studies, however, it is seldom investigated whether the same redundant material may cause different results in classroom, which is a major learning place for students. Considering that it is not easy to control the internal validity in classroom environment, this study…
Descriptors: Virtual Classrooms, Redundancy, Computer Simulation, Elementary School Students
Coffey, Amy Jo; Kamhawi, Rasha; Fishwick, Paul; Henderson, Julie – Educational Technology Research and Development, 2017
Relatively few studies have empirically tested computer-based immersive virtual environments' efficacy in teaching or enhancing pro-social attitudes, such as intercultural sensitivity. This channel study experiment was conducted (N = 159) to compare what effects, if any, an immersive 3D virtual environment would have upon subjects' intercultural…
Descriptors: Computer Simulation, Simulated Environment, Computer Uses in Education, Instructional Effectiveness
Kim, Yanghee; Baylor, Amy L. – Educational Technology Research and Development, 2006
This study was designed to examine the effects of the competency (low vs. high) and interaction type (proactive vs. responsive) of pedagogical agents as learning companions (PALs) on learning, self-efficacy, and attitudes. Participants were 72 undergraduates in an introductory computer-literacy course who were randomly assigned to one of four…
Descriptors: Instructional Design, Self Efficacy, Interaction, Competence
