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Tenko Raykov; Ahmed Haddadi; Christine DiStefano; Mohammed Alqabbaa – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2025
This note is concerned with the study of temporal development in several indices reflecting clustering effects in multilevel designs that are frequently utilized in educational and behavioral research. A latent variable method-based approach is outlined, which can be used to point and interval estimate the growth or decline in important functions…
Descriptors: Multivariate Analysis, Hierarchical Linear Modeling, Educational Research, Statistical Inference
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Sijia Huang; Dubravka Svetina Valdivia – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2024
Identifying items with differential item functioning (DIF) in an assessment is a crucial step for achieving equitable measurement. One critical issue that has not been fully addressed with existing studies is how DIF items can be detected when data are multilevel. In the present study, we introduced a Lord's Wald X[superscript 2] test-based…
Descriptors: Item Analysis, Item Response Theory, Algorithms, Accuracy