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Ellis, Jules L. – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2021
This study develops a theoretical model for the costs of an exam as a function of its duration. Two kind of costs are distinguished: (1) the costs of measurement errors and (2) the costs of the measurement. Both costs are expressed in time of the student. Based on a classical test theory model, enriched with assumptions on the context, the costs…
Descriptors: Test Length, Models, Error of Measurement, Measurement
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Nicewander, W. Alan – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2018
Spearman's correction for attenuation (measurement error) corrects a correlation coefficient for measurement errors in either-or-both of two variables, and follows from the assumptions of classical test theory. Spearman's equation removes all measurement error from a correlation coefficient which translates into "increasing the reliability of…
Descriptors: Error of Measurement, Correlation, Sample Size, Computation
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Kohli, Nidhi; Koran, Jennifer; Henn, Lisa – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2015
There are well-defined theoretical differences between the classical test theory (CTT) and item response theory (IRT) frameworks. It is understood that in the CTT framework, person and item statistics are test- and sample-dependent. This is not the perception with IRT. For this reason, the IRT framework is considered to be theoretically superior…
Descriptors: Test Theory, Item Response Theory, Factor Analysis, Models
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Raykov, Tenko; Marcoulides, George A. – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2016
The frequently neglected and often misunderstood relationship between classical test theory and item response theory is discussed for the unidimensional case with binary measures and no guessing. It is pointed out that popular item response models can be directly obtained from classical test theory-based models by accounting for the discrete…
Descriptors: Test Theory, Item Response Theory, Models, Correlation
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France, Stephen L.; Batchelder, William H. – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2015
Cultural consensus theory (CCT) is a data aggregation technique with many applications in the social and behavioral sciences. We describe the intuition and theory behind a set of CCT models for continuous type data using maximum likelihood inference methodology. We describe how bias parameters can be incorporated into these models. We introduce…
Descriptors: Maximum Likelihood Statistics, Test Items, Difficulty Level, Test Theory
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Ng, K. T. – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 1974
This paper is aimed at demonstrating that Charles Spearman postulated neither a platonic true-error distinction nor a requirement for constant true scores under repeated measurement. (Author/RC)
Descriptors: Career Development, Correlation, Models, Test Reliability
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Graham, James M. – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2006
Coefficient alpha, the most commonly used estimate of internal consistency, is often considered a lower bound estimate of reliability, though the extent of its underestimation is not typically known. Many researchers are unaware that coefficient alpha is based on the essentially tau-equivalent measurement model. It is the violation of the…
Descriptors: Models, Test Theory, Reliability, Structural Equation Models
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Van Der Linden, Wim J. – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 1983
This paper focuses on mixtures of two binomials with one known success parameter. It is shown how moment estimators can be obtained for the remaining unknown parameters of such mixtures, and results are presented from a Monte Carlo study carried out to explore the statistical properties of these estimators. (PN)
Descriptors: Educational Testing, Error of Measurement, Estimation (Mathematics), Guessing (Tests)