A multiple true-false item is one where a testee has to identify statements as true or false within a cluster (of two or more) of such statements. Clusters are then scored as items. This study showed such a procedure to yield less reliable results than traditional true-false items. (JKS)

Seven formulas for scoring test items with two options (true-false or multiple choice with only two choices) were investigated. Several conditions, such as varying directions for guessing and whether testees had prior knowledge of the proportions of false items on the test were also investigated. (Author/JKS)

As achievement in basic reading declines, the content validity of tests in special subjects may be reduced because examinees cannot read the test items. This study found that reading ability and item format affected test scores in the area of health science for a sample of high school students. (Author/JKS)