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Indicators of Progress in the Wake of Endrew F.: The Distinction between Professional Recommendations and Judicial Rulings
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Perry A. Zirkel; Mitchell L. Yell – Exceptional Children, 2024
The central obligation under the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act is to provide each eligible student with a free appropriate public education (FAPE). In "Endrew F. v. Douglas County School District RE-1" (2017), the U.S. Supreme Court revised the prior substantive standard for determining FAPE that the court had developed in…
Descriptors: Individualized Education Programs, Students with Disabilities, Court Litigation, Equal Education
When Being an Expert May Not Be Enough: Understanding the Experiences of Special Education Professionals Parenting Children with Disabilities
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Ruby Batz; Sheresa Boone Blanchard – Exceptional Children, 2025
How do special education-related professionals parenting children with disabilities experience the special education system? This qualitative exploratory study delves into the experiences of 25 mother-educators who are special education-related professionals navigating the special education system for their children with disabilities. Through…
Descriptors: Special Education Teachers, Child Rearing, Parents, Disabilities
The Supreme Court, "Endrew", and the Appropriate Education of Students with Disabilities
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Turnbull, H. Rutherford; Turnbull, Ann P.; Cooper, David H. – Exceptional Children, 2018
In this article, we analyze the Supreme Court's decision in "Endrew F. v. Douglas County School District RE-1" (2017), interpreting the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and its provisions creating a right of every student with a disability to have an appropriate education. We compare the "Endrew" decision with…
Descriptors: Court Litigation, Disabilities, Educational Legislation, Federal Legislation
Is It Time for Elevating the Standard for FAPE under IDEA?
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Zirkel, Perry A. – Exceptional Children, 2013
This article examines a critical question for the special education community: What should be the current meaning of "free appropriate public education" (FAPE) in light of not only the Supreme Court's landmark "Rowley" decision in 1982 but also developments in the 30 years since then? After synthesizing what the…
Descriptors: Federal Legislation, Educational Legislation, Court Litigation, Disabilities