This article addresses the effects of 3-tiered comprehensive reading and behavior interventions on K-3 student outcomes in 7 urban elementary schools with a high prevalence of students considered difficult to teach. Specific features of each level of the implementation are described including screening and tier placement procedures, scheduling and…

This study, which explored the feasibility of using extant national data to study implementation of special education programs, examined the relationships between (1) state-level fiscal and demographic variables, and (2) identification rates and cumulative placement rates for certain categories of special education students in 1976, 1980, and…