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Direct linkGatti, Alberta; O'Neill, Teresa – Foreign Language Annals, 2017
This article explores the relationship between the writing proficiency of heritage speakers of Mandarin Chinese, Korean, and Spanish and their context of acquisition, educational experiences, and language practices. Biographical data and proficiency ratings obtained with the ACTFL Writing Proficiency Test were collected for 187 adult heritage…
Descriptors: Heritage Education, Writing Skills, Mandarin Chinese, Korean
Mori, Yoshiko; Calder, Toshiko M. – Foreign Language Annals, 2013
This study examines bilingual vocabulary knowledge in relation to arrival age among first language (L1) Japanese students attending "hoshuukoo" (i.e., supplementary academic schools for Japanese-speaking children) in the United States. It also examines the relationship between L1 Japanese and English as a second language (L2), as…
Descriptors: Japanese, Vocabulary Development, Second Language Learning, Heritage Education
