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Sak, Mehmet – Foreign Language Annals, 2021
Recent years have seen a growing research interest in the notion of directed motivational currents (DMCs) that defines highly intense motivational surges oriented to a much-desired goal of personal significance. However, the learner characteristics that induce individual-level variability in DMCs have yet to be explored. In particular, the role of…
Descriptors: Undergraduate Students, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Predictor Variables

Macian, Janice L. – Foreign Language Annals, 1986
Provides information about the curriculum characteristics of first- and third-year high school Spanish textbooks and determines what differences exist among the texts involved. Study results indicate that these textbooks are consistently "deficient" on nearly all of the dimensions examined. (Author/SED)
Descriptors: Affective Behavior, Cognitive Structures, Creativity, Cultural Education