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Wheeler, Holly; Kang, Okim – Foreign Language Annals, 2022
Listener background variables have been recognized as potential contributors to language evaluation bias. This continuum of trait-irrelevant factors creates implications from the L2 classroom to integration in the target language community. This study examined how L2 Spanish learners' listener background factors including ethnicity, heritage…
Descriptors: Native Language, Spanish, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
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Alhawary, Mohammad T. – Foreign Language Annals, 2009
The article aims at investigating speech processing prerequisite claims made by Pienemann's Processability Theory (1998). Longitudinal data from eight English L1 and one French L1 speaker learning Arabic as an L2 were used to investigate the emergence/processing of demonstrative-predicate gender agreement and verbal agreement structures…
Descriptors: Semitic Languages, Grammar, French, English