This exploratory, mixed methods study proposes that pedagogical translation be implemented for biliteracy acquisition in mixed heritage language (HL)-second language (L2) secondary Spanish classrooms. It investigates the mediation of pedagogical translation for reading comprehension in two mixed HL-L2 secondary Spanish classrooms at a suburban…

Duolingo is a commercial language-teaching platform that offers free courses on the web and on mobile apps. This study reports the ACTFL listening and reading proficiency levels of adult Duolingo learners who had completed beginning-level courses in Spanish or French. The participants (n = 225) were learners residing in the United States, had…

This study explored the role of early oral language in reading development among adult heritage language (HL) learners to provide insights into the possible developmental pattern of HL reading development. One hundred and ninety-five English-speaking Chinese HL (CHL) students participated in this study. They completed a language background survey…

Studies have shown that U.S. learners' proficiency in reading and listening comprehension lags behind their ability to decode words. Recent studies have found that even after 3 years of high school L2 courses, U.S. students fail to develop minimal proficiency in reading comprehension. This paper suggests that while cognitive factors (word decoding…

Second language (L2) educators have proposed a unique anxiety for general L2 learning and an anxiety specific to L2 reading. Since the early 1990s, the L2 anxiety concept has been challenged on theoretical and empirical grounds. In this investigation, U.S. high school L2 learners were administered the Foreign Language Reading Anxiety Scale (FLRAS)…

Research into dual-modality theory has long rested on the assumption that presenting input in two modalities leads to better learning outcomes. However, this may not always hold true. This study explored the possible advantages of using dual modality in repeated reading--a pedagogy often used to enhance reading development--for two literacy…

The use of marginal reading glosses by 18 second language (L2) learners is examined through a quantitative and qualitative analysis of audiotaped think-aloud protocols. How these readers interact with the glosses is identified and divided into five categories or gloss interactions. Examples from each are presented. The primary research question…

This study used a mixed-method approach to investigate the effectiveness of Readers Theater (RT) in promoting English as a foreign language children's reading and writing proficiency after a participation period of one semester. In addition, the researcher recorded and analyzed children's learning motivation and feedback toward RT. The…

This study analyzes the effects of the Interactive Reading with Instructor Support (IRIS) model on reading comprehension, as compared to a traditional (direct-teaching/lecture format) instructional model. The IRIS model combines reading strategies and social mediation together in the Spanish as a second language environment. In the IRIS model,…

Comments on points raised in June Phillips' paper, "Practical Implications of Recent Research in Reading." These points are: successful comprehension of any reading selection depends upon three interrelated factors; reading should be thought of in terms of stages and purposes; and teachers should use reading selections to incorporate a…

Defines reading as a psycholinguistic process. Discusses research into the application of models of native language reading to the processes of second language reading which suggests that there are positive correlations between reading ability in native and target languages. Presents practical applications of this research to teaching reading in a…

Discusses the differences in the processes used in reading in a first language and in a second language. Presents some current definitions of reading and details those principles and activities most likely to advance the comprehension process for foreign language learners. Offers a classroom plan for developing reading comprehension. (SED)

Discusses June Phillips' article, "Practical Implications of Recent Research in Reading." Cites studies, most of which support Phillips' assertions, especially her five-stage process for reading instruction. Recommends the development of teacher training and instructional materials based on this research. Also discusses text selection,…

It is suggested that reading material for individualized instruction in second language learning should be adapted to provide students with a set of guiding questions. Specific types of questions and possible formats are presented. These suggestions were applied to a workbook accompanying a short novel. (Author/RM)

A number of exercises are given based on "Le Petit Prince" which are not only structure drills for grammar practice but are also reading comprehension exercises. (Author/RM)