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Zheng Zhang; Peng Peng – Grantee Submission, 2023
With a focus on within-person effects, this study investigated mutualism among academic skills (reading, math, science) and between those skills and verbal working memory in a general population sample and groups with high or low skills from Grades 2 to 5 (2010-2016, N = 859-9040, age 6.27-13.13 years, 49% female, ethnically diverse). Mutualism…
Descriptors: Child Development, Reading Skills, Mathematics Skills, Science Process Skills
Frausel, Rebecca R.; Silvey, Catriona; Freeman, Cassie; Dowling, Natalie; Richland, Lindsey E.; Levine, Susan C.; Raudenbush, Steve; Goldin-Meadow, Susan – Grantee Submission, 2020
Higher-order thinking is relational reasoning in which multiple representations are linked together, through inferences, comparisons, abstractions, and hierarchies. We examine the development of higher-order thinking in 64 preschool-aged children, observed from 14 to 58 months in naturalistic situations at home. We used children's spontaneous talk…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Thinking Skills, Verbal Communication, Oral Language
Greenwood, Charles R.; Carta, Judith J.; Schnitz, Alana G.; Higgins, Susan; Buzhardt, Jay; Walker, Dale; Jia, Fan; Irvin, Dwight – Grantee Submission, 2021
Measures of young children's social development are needed in the MultiTier System of Supports (MTSS) approach to early childhood. In 2004, we reported initial development of an observational measure of infants' and toddlers' social skills designed for early educators, the Early Social Indicator (ESI). Here, we report preliminary findings on the…
Descriptors: Infants, Toddlers, Social Indicators, Child Development