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Corlatescu, Dragos-Georgian; Dascalu, Mihai; McNamara, Danielle S. – Grantee Submission, 2021
Reading comprehension is key to knowledge acquisition and to reinforcing memory for previous information. While reading, a mental representation is constructed in the reader's mind. The mental model comprises the words in the text, the relations between the words, and inferences linking to concepts in prior knowledge. The automated model of…
Descriptors: Reading Comprehension, Memory, Inferences, Syntax
Konishi, Haruka; Brezack, Natalie; Golinkoff, Roberta Michnick; Hirsh-Pasek, Kathy – Grantee Submission, 2019
Infants appear to progress from universal to language-specific event perception. In Japanese, two different verbs describe a person crossing a "bounded ground" (e.g., street) versus an unbounded ground (e.g., field) while in English, the same verb -- "crossing" -- describes both events. Interestingly, Japanese "and"…
Descriptors: Infants, Cognitive Processes, Verbs, Japanese
Crossley, Scott; Wan, Qian; Allen, Laura; McNamara, Danielle – Grantee Submission, 2021
Synthesis writing is widely taught across domains and serves as an important means of assessing writing ability, text comprehension, and content learning. Synthesis writing differs from other types of writing in terms of both cognitive and task demands because it requires writers to integrate information across source materials. However, little is…
Descriptors: Writing Skills, Cognitive Processes, Essays, Cues
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Taylor Lesner; Ben Clarke; Derek Kosty; Geovanna Rodriguez; Elizabeth L. Budd; Christian Doabler – Grantee Submission, 2025
This secondary analysis of data from a randomized control trial of an early mathematics intervention, ROOTS, explored whether patterns of intervention response were best categorized by the typical response/non-response binary or a more complex framework with additional response profiles. Participants included kindergarten students at risk for…
Descriptors: Mathematics Instruction, Response to Intervention, At Risk Students, Kindergarten
Walkington, Candace; Woods, Dawn; Nathan, Mitchell J.; Chelule, Geoffrey; Wang, Min – Grantee Submission, 2019
Gestures are associated with powerful forms of understanding; however, their causative role in mathematics reasoning is less clear. We inhibit college students' gestures by restraining their hands, and examine the impact on language, recall, intuition, and mathematical justifications of geometric conjectures. We test four mutually exclusive…
Descriptors: Teaching Methods, Nonverbal Communication, Mathematics Instruction, College Students
Hildenbrand, Lena; Wiley, Jennifer – Grantee Submission, 2021
Many studies have demonstrated that testing students on to-be-learned materials can be an effective learning activity. However, past studies have also shown that some practice test formats are more effective than others. Open-ended recall or short answer practice tests may be effective because the questions prompt deeper processing as students…
Descriptors: Test Format, Outcomes of Education, Cognitive Processes, Learning Activities
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Allen, Laura K.; Perret, Cecile; McNamara, Danielle S. – Grantee Submission, 2016
The relationship between working memory capacity and writing ability was examined via a linguistic analysis of student essays. Undergraduate students (n = 108) wrote timed, prompt-based essays and completed a battery of cognitive assessments. The surface- and discourse-level linguistic features of students' essays were then analyzed using natural…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Writing (Composition), Short Term Memory, Writing Ability
Steen-Baker, Allison A.; Ng, Shukhan; Payne, Brennan R.; Anderson, Carolyn J.; Federmeier, Kara D.; Stine-Morrow, Elizabeth A. L. – Grantee Submission, 2017
The facilitation of word processing by sentence context reflects the interaction between the build-up of message-level semantics and lexical processing. Yet, little is known about how this effect varies through adulthood as a function of reading skill. In this study, Participants 18-64 years old with a range of literacy competence read simple…
Descriptors: Context Effect, Language Processing, Literacy, Age Differences